{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:44:36Z","timestamp":1791319476777,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,30]],"date-time":"2013-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malabsorption, weight loss and vitamin\/mineral-deficiencies characterize classical celiac disease (CD). This study aimed to assess the nutritional and vitamin\/mineral status of current \u201cearly diagnosed\u201d untreated adult CD-patients in the Netherlands. Newly diagnosed adult CD-patients were included (n = 80, 42.8 \u00b1 15.1 years) and a comparable sample of 24 healthy Dutch subjects was added to compare vitamin concentrations. Nutritional status and serum concentrations of folic acid, vitamin A, B6, B12, and (25-hydroxy) D, zinc, haemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin were determined (before prescribing gluten free diet). Almost all CD-patients (87%) had at least one value below the lower limit of reference. Specifically, for vitamin A, 7.5% of patients showed deficient levels, for vitamin B6 14.5%, folic acid 20%, and vitamin B12 19%. Likewise, zinc deficiency was observed in 67% of the CD-patients, 46% had decreased iron storage, and 32% had anaemia. Overall, 17% were malnourished (&gt;10% undesired weight loss), 22% of the women were underweight (Body Mass Index (BMI) &lt; 18.5), and 29% of the patients were overweight (BMI &gt; 25). Vitamin deficiencies were barely seen in healthy controls, with the exception of vitamin B12. Vitamin\/mineral deficiencies were counter-intuitively not associated with a (higher) grade of histological intestinal damage or (impaired) nutritional status. In conclusion, vitamin\/mineral deficiencies are still common in newly \u201cearly diagnosed\u201d CD-patients, even though the prevalence of obesity at initial diagnosis is rising. Extensive nutritional assessments seem warranted to guide nutritional advices and follow-up in CD treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5103975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,30]],"date-time":"2013-09-30T12:22:30Z","timestamp":1380543750000},"page":"3975-3992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":216,"title":["Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies Are Highly Prevalent in Newly Diagnosed Celiac Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nicolette","family":"Wierdsma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, VU University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 7057, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, VU University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 7057, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijke","family":"Berkenpas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, VU University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 7057, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Celiac Centre Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ad","family":"Van Bodegraven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Celiac Centre Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6036","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i42.6036","article-title":"Celiac disease: Prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"18","author":"Gujral","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. 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