{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T02:38:23Z","timestamp":1772246303401,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]],"date-time":"2013-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune-mediated enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten in genetically prone individuals. The current treatment for CD is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet. However, in some CD patients following a strict gluten-free diet, the symptoms do not remit. These cases may be refractory CD or due to gluten contamination; however, the lack of response could be related to other dietary ingredients, such as maize, which is one of the most common alternatives to wheat used in the  gluten-free diet. In some CD patients, as a rare event, peptides from maize prolamins could induce a celiac-like immune response by similar or alternative pathogenic mechanisms to those used by wheat gluten peptides. This is supported by several shared features between wheat and maize prolamins and by some experimental results. Given that gluten peptides induce an immune response of the intestinal mucosa both in vivo and in vitro, peptides from maize prolamins could also be tested to determine whether they also induce a cellular immune response. Hypothetically, maize prolamins could be harmful for a very limited subgroup of CD patients, especially those that are non-responsive, and if it is confirmed, they should follow, in addition to a gluten-free, a maize-free diet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5104174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]],"date-time":"2013-10-21T14:49:22Z","timestamp":1382366962000},"page":"4174-4183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Maize Prolamins Could Induce a Gluten-Like Cellular Immune Response in Some Celiac Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Ortiz-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, A.C.),  Carr. La Victoria, Km. 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4985-9169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Cabrera-Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Sciences and Gastronomy Unit, University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa 80019, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"De la Barca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, A.C.),  Carr. La Victoria, Km. 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301346","article-title":"The Oslo definitions for celiac disease and related terms","volume":"62","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0","article-title":"European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease","volume":"54","author":"Husby","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. 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