{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:26:10Z","timestamp":1789583170005,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]],"date-time":"2013-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ingestion of calcium, along with alkali, results in a well-described triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal insufficiency. Over time, the epidemiology and root cause of the syndrome have shifted, such that the disorder, originally called the milk-alkali syndrome, is now better described as the calcium-alkali syndrome. The calcium-alkali syndrome is an important cause of morbidity that may be on the rise,  an unintended consequence of shifts in calcium and vitamin D intake in segments of the population. We review the pathophysiology of the calcium-alkali syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5124880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]],"date-time":"2013-11-27T14:43:20Z","timestamp":1385563400000},"page":"4880-4893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Calcium-Alkali Syndrome in the Modern Era"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ami","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gbemisola","family":"Adeseun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Goldfarb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension, Perelman School of Medicine,  University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1915.02570460001001","article-title":"Gastric and duodenal ulcer","volume":"64","author":"Sippy","year":"1915","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1942.00200170071006","article-title":"Alkalosis complicating the Sippy treatment of peptic ulcer","volume":"69","author":"Kirsner","year":"1942","journal-title":"Arch. 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