{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T16:54:47Z","timestamp":1776272087789,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zinc is a vital micronutrient used for over 300 enzymatic reactions and multiple biochemical and structural processes in the body. To date, sensitive and specific biological markers of zinc status are still needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate Gallus gallus as an in vivo model in the context of assessing the sensitivity of a previously unexplored potential zinc biomarker, the erythrocyte linoleic acid: dihomo-\u03b3-linolenic acid (LA:DGLA) ratio. Diets identical in composition were formulated and two groups of birds (n = 12) were randomly separated upon hatching into two diets, Zn(+) (zinc adequate control, 42.3 \u03bcg\/g zinc), and Zn(\u2212) (zinc deficient, 2.5 \u03bcg\/g zinc). Dietary zinc intake, body weight, serum zinc, and the erythrocyte fatty acid profile were measured weekly. At the conclusion of the study, tissues were collected for gene expression analysis. Body weight, feed consumption, zinc intake, and serum zinc were higher in the Zn(+) control versus Zn(\u2212) group (p &lt; 0.05). Hepatic TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6 gene expression were higher in the Zn(+) control group  (p &lt; 0.05), and hepatic \u03946 desaturase was significantly higher in the Zn(+) group  (p &lt; 0.001). The LA:DGLA ratio was significantly elevated in the Zn(\u2212) group compared to the Zn(+) group (22.6 \u00b1 0.5 and 18.5 \u00b1 0.5, % w\/w, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). This study suggests erythrocyte LA:DGLA is able to differentiate zinc status between zinc  adequate and zinc deficient birds, and may be a sensitive biomarker to assess dietary  zinc manipulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6031164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T12:06:02Z","timestamp":1395317162000},"page":"1164-1180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Dietary Zinc Deficiency Affects Blood Linoleic Acid:  Dihomo-\u03b3-linolenic Acid (LA:DGLA) Ratio; a Sensitive Physiological Marker of Zinc Status in Vivo (Gallus gallus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Spenser","family":"Reed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS, Robert Holley Center for Agriculture & Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"},{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rinat","family":"Ran-Ressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Brenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Glahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS, Robert Holley Center for Agriculture & Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7856-5197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elad","family":"Tako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS, Robert Holley Center for Agriculture & Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.6.1062","article-title":"Effect of supplemental zinc on the growth and serum zinc concentrations of prepubertal children: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"75","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Shils, M.E., Shike, M., Ross, A.C., Caballero, B., and Cousins, R.J. (2006). Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Press. [11th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/25.7.672","article-title":"Zinc concentration in human tissues","volume":"25","author":"McBean","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012988914300","article-title":"Eukaryotic zinc transporters and their regulation","volume":"14","author":"Gaither","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2011.08.009","article-title":"The role of zinc in genomic stability","volume":"733","author":"Sharif","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/328353a0","article-title":"Genetic evidence that zinc is an essential co-factor in the DNA binding domain of GAL4 protein","volume":"328","author":"Johnston","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-006-9029-8","article-title":"Signal transduction in monocytes: The role of zinc ions","volume":"20","author":"Haase","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2009.10719780","article-title":"Impact of the discovery of human zinc deficiency on health","volume":"28","author":"Prasad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012905406548","article-title":"Functions of zinc in signaling, proliferation and differentiation of mammalian cells","volume":"14","author":"Beyersmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1","article-title":"The significance of zinc for humoral and cellular immunity","volume":"3","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Electrolytes Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1452","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1452S","article-title":"Zinc-altered immune function","volume":"133","author":"Ibs","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601479","article-title":"Zinc and immune function","volume":"56","author":"Dardenne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"S1399","article-title":"The dynamic link between the integrity of the immune system and zinc status","volume":"130","author":"Fraker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Soc. Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1039\/c1mt00011j","article-title":"Molecular and genetic features of zinc transporters in physiology and Pathogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Fukada","year":"2001","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2007.149","article-title":"Novel zinc-responsive post-transcriptional mechanisms reciprocally regulate expression of the mouse Slc39a4 and Slc39a5 zinc transporters (Zip4 and Zip5)","volume":"388","author":"Weaver","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"5738","article-title":"Metal-specific posttranscriptional control of human metallothionein genes","volume":"9","author":"Sadhu","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24085","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R600011200","article-title":"Mammalian zinc transport, trafficking, and signals","volume":"281","author":"Cousins","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132402","article-title":"Mammalian zinc transporters","volume":"24","author":"Liuzzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2005.01.002","article-title":"Changes in chicken intestinal zinc exporter mRNA expression and small intestinal functionality following intra-amniotic zinc-methionine administration","volume":"16","author":"Tako","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-003-1074-3","article-title":"The SLC39 family of metal ion transporters","volume":"447","author":"Eide","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-003-1070-7","article-title":"Efflux and compartmentalization of zinc by members of the SLC30 family of solute carriers","volume":"447","author":"Palmiter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2040","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27230G","article-title":"Methods of assessment of zinc status in humans: A systematic review","volume":"89","author":"Lowe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Filer, L.J., and Zieglerm, E.E. (1996). Present Knowledge in Nutrition, International Life Sciences Institute\u2014Nutrition Foundation Press. [7th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Young, V.R., Erdman, J.W., Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, and Institute of Medicine (US) (2000). Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc, National Academy Press."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/122.12.2408","article-title":"Erythrocyte metallothionein response to dietary zinc in humans","volume":"122","author":"Thomas","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/39.4.556","article-title":"Tissue zinc levels and zinc excretion during experimental zinc depletion in young men","volume":"39","author":"Baer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19920109","article-title":"Erythrocytes, erythrocyte membranes, neutrophils and platelets as biopsy materials for the assessment of zinc status in humans","volume":"68","author":"Ruz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.4.665","article-title":"Short-term zinc deficiency inhibits chondrocyte proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in the epiphyseal growth plate of young chickens","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660410001715867","article-title":"Responses of broilers to dietary zinc concentrations and sources in relation to environmental implications","volume":"45","author":"Burrell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660903571904","article-title":"Trace mineral interactions in broiler chicken diets","volume":"51","author":"Bao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450400003528","article-title":"Pathology of lymphoid organs in chickens fed a diet deficient in zinc","volume":"33","author":"Cui","year":"2004","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00326","article-title":"Using the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) as an in vivo model for iron bioavailability","volume":"89","author":"Tako","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000028","article-title":"White beans provide more bioavailable iron than red beans: Studies in poultry (Gallus gallus) and an in vitro digestion\/Caco-2 model","volume":"80","author":"Tako","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-10-113","article-title":"Biofortified red mottled beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in a maize and bean diet provide more bioavailable iron than standard red mottled beans: Studies in poultry (Gallus gallus) and an in vitro digestion\/Caco-2 model","volume":"10","author":"Tako","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-3","article-title":"High bioavailability iron maize (Zea mays L.) developed through molecular breeding provides more absorbable iron in vitro (Caco-2 model) and in vivo (Gallus gallus)","volume":"12","author":"Tako","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. J"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-008-9055-2","article-title":"Explaining longevity of different animals: Is membrane fatty acid composition the missing link?","volume":"30","author":"Hulbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(82)90185-X","article-title":"Most biological effects of zinc deficiency corrected by gamma-linolenic acid (18:3 omega 6) but not by linoleic acid (18:2 omega 6)","volume":"41","author":"Huang","year":"1982","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(81)90064-5","article-title":"Loss of delta-6-desaturase activity as a key factor in aging","volume":"7","author":"Horrobin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"921","article-title":"Essential fatty acid deficiency\u2014Its role in parakeratosis","volume":"18","author":"Hanson","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/109.3.480","article-title":"Interaction of zinc and essential fatty acids in the rat","volume":"109","author":"Bettger","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7827(82)90017-0","article-title":"Differential regulation of essential fatty acid metabolism to the prostaglandins: Possible basis for the interaction of zinc and copper in biological systems","volume":"21","author":"Cunnane","year":"1982","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02536313","article-title":"Age-related changes in \u03945 and \u03946 desaturase activities in rat liver microsomes","volume":"28","author":"Maniongui","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M200195-JLR200","article-title":"Regulation of human delta-6 desaturase gene transcription: Identification of a functional direct repeat-1 element","volume":"44","author":"Tang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Sell, J.L., Kratzer, F.H., Latshaw, J.D., Subcommittee on Poultry Nutrition, Committee on Animal Nutrition, Board on Agriculture, and National Research Council (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, National Academy Press. [9th revised ed.]."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2012.3","article-title":"Oral exposure to polystyrene nanoparticles affects iron absorption","volume":"7","author":"Mahler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2011.42.48","article-title":"Iron status of the late term broiler (Gallus gallus) embryo and hatchling","volume":"10","author":"Tako","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3134","DOI":"10.1021\/jf803647m","article-title":"Iron and zinc bioavailabilities to pigs from red and white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are similar","volume":"57","author":"Tako","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.098657","article-title":"Biofortified black beans in a maize and bean diet provide more bioavailable iron to piglets than standard black beans","volume":"139","author":"Tako","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099","article-title":"A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can. J. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S403","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265070283S303","article-title":"Use of serum zinc concentration as an indicator of population zinc status","volume":"28","author":"Hess","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.343","article-title":"Zinc status of healthy elderly adults: Response to supplementation","volume":"48","author":"Swanson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2013-0106","article-title":"Influence of micronutrient status and socioeconomic gradient on growth indices of 2\u201318-year-old Indian girls","volume":"26","author":"Chiplonkar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"E952","article-title":"Effects of endotoxin on zinc metabolism in human volunteers","volume":"272","author":"Gaetke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601998","article-title":"Reduced production of immunoregulatory cytokines in vitamin A- and zinc-deficient Indonesian infants","volume":"58","author":"Wieringa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00441868","article-title":"Fatty acid composition of plasma lipids in Nigerian children with protein-energy malnutrition","volume":"145","author":"Koletzko","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"193","article-title":"Essential fatty acid status in zinc deficiency, effect on lipid and fatty acid composition, desaturation activity and structure of microsomal membranes of rat liver and testes","volume":"33","author":"Ayala","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Lat. Am."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1999.10718843","article-title":"Antioxidant-like properties of zinc in activated endothelial cells","volume":"18","author":"Hennig","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"E1002","article-title":"Changes in cytokine production and T cell subpopulations in experimentally induced zinc-deficient humans","volume":"272","author":"Beck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114500002117","article-title":"Lymphocyte metallothionein mRNA responds to marginal zinc intake in human volunteers","volume":"84","author":"Allan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.4.707","article-title":"Metallothionein expression is increase in monocytes and erythrocytes of young men during zinc supplementation","volume":"128","author":"Sullivan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.7.1716","article-title":"Investigation of lymphocyte gene expression for use as biomarkers for zinc status in humans","volume":"134","author":"Andree","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2006.01.006","article-title":"Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation","volume":"20","author":"Maret","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508006818","article-title":"Indicators of zinc status at the population level: A review of the evidence","volume":"99","author":"Gibson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.3.948S","article-title":"Biomarkers of trace mineral intake and status","volume":"133","author":"Hambidge","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1991.02160080029016","article-title":"Zinc deficiency. A public health problem?","volume":"145","author":"Sandstead","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Dis. Child."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/6\/3\/1164\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:09:25Z","timestamp":1760216965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/6\/3\/1164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["nu6031164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu6031164","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]]}}}