{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T02:18:45Z","timestamp":1783995525932,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]],"date-time":"2014-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is a necessary component of comprehensive type 2 diabetes (T2D) management, but optimal outcomes require culturally-sensitive implementation. Accordingly, international experts created an evidence-based transcultural diabetes nutrition algorithm (tDNA) to improve understanding of MNT and to foster portability of current guidelines to various dysglycemic populations worldwide. This report details the development of tDNA-Venezuelan via analysis of region-specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, lifestyles, anthropometrics, and resultant tDNA algorithmic modifications. Specific recommendations include: screening for prediabetes (for biochemical monitoring and lifestyle counseling); detecting obesity using Latin American cutoffs for waist circumference and Venezuelan cutoffs for BMI; prescribing MNT to people with prediabetes, T2D, or high CVD risk; specifying control goals in prediabetes and T2D; and describing regional differences in prevalence of CVD risk and lifestyle. Venezuelan deliberations involved evaluating typical food-based eating patterns, correcting improper dietary habits through adaptation of the Mediterranean diet with local foods, developing local recommendations for physical activity, avoiding stigmatizing obesity as a cosmetic problem, avoiding misuse of insulin and metformin, circumscribing bariatric surgery to appropriate indications, and using integrated health service networks to implement tDNA. Finally, further research, national surveys, and validation protocols focusing on CVD risk reduction in Venezuelan populations are necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6041333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]],"date-time":"2014-04-02T11:09:47Z","timestamp":1396436987000},"page":"1333-1363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Transcultural Diabetes Nutrition Algorithm (tDNA): Venezuelan Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ramfis","family":"Nieto-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Centro-Occidental \"Lisandro Alvarado\", Cardio-Metabolic Unit, Barquisimeto 3001, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Marante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Service, Centro M\u00e9dico Docente \"La Trinidad\", Caracas 1080A, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Marulanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Centro M\u00e9dico \"Guerra M\u00e9ndez\", Valencia 2001, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedERA, Inc., New York, NY 10019, USA"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Refaat","family":"Hegazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abbott Nutrition International, Columbus, OH 43219, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Mechanick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IDF (2011) International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas. 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