{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:59:08Z","timestamp":1791295148081,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Paracelsus-Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsfonds","award":["E-13\/17\/086-AIG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-13\/17\/086-AIG"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Iron homeostasis is affected by obesity and obesity-related insulin resistance in a many-facetted fashion. On one hand, iron deficiency and anemia are frequent findings in subjects with progressed stages of obesity. This phenomenon has been well studied in obese adolescents, women and subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. On the other hand, hyperferritinemia with normal or mildly elevated transferrin saturation is observed in approximately one-third of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This constellation has been named the \u201cdysmetabolic iron overload syndrome (DIOS)\u201d. Both elevated body iron stores and iron deficiency are detrimental to health and to the course of obesity-related conditions. Iron deficiency and anemia may impair mitochondrial and cellular energy homeostasis and further increase inactivity and fatigue of obese subjects. Obesity-associated inflammation is tightly linked to iron deficiency and involves impaired duodenal iron absorption associated with low expression of duodenal ferroportin (FPN) along with elevated hepcidin concentrations. This review summarizes the current understanding of the dysregulation of iron homeostasis in obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6093587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T12:04:41Z","timestamp":1410437081000},"page":"3587-3600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":270,"title":["Obesity as an Emerging Risk Factor for Iron Deficiency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Elmar","family":"Aigner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, M\u00fcllner Hauptstrasse 48,  5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, M\u00fcllner Hauptstrasse 48,  5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, M\u00fcllner Hauptstrasse 48,  5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Datz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, M\u00fcllner Hauptstrasse 48,  5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital, Paracelsusstrasse 37, 5110 Oberndorf, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V38N1p57","article-title":"Review on epidemic of obesity","volume":"38","author":"Low","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. 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