{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T14:57:09Z","timestamp":1774105029376,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo \u2013 FAPESP, Brasil","award":["grant no. 2008\/56395-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant no. 2008\/56395-5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>HIV\/AIDS patients are probably more predisposed to vitamin E deficiency, considering that they are more exposed to oxidative stress. Additionally, there are an extensive number of drugs in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens that may interfere with vitamin E concentrations. The objective of this study was to compare serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in 182 HIV\/AIDS patients receiving different HAART regimens. The patients were divided into three groups according to regimen: nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + non-nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs); NRTIs + protease inhibitors + ritonavir; NRTIs + other classes. Alpha-tocopherol was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of HAART regimen, time of use, and compliance with the regimen on alpha-tocopherol concentrations. Alpha-tocopherol concentrations were on average 4.12 \u03bcmol\/L lower for the NRTIs + other classes regimen when compared to the NRTIs + NNRTIs regimen  (p = 0.037). A positive association (p &lt; 0.001) was observed between alpha-tocopherol  and cholesterol concentrations, a finding due, in part, to the relationship between liposoluble vitamins and lipid profile. This study demonstrated differences in  alpha-tocopherol concentrations between patients using different HAART regimens, especially regimens involving the use of new drugs. Long-term prospective cohort studies are needed to monitor vitamin E status in HIV\/AIDS patients since the beginning  of treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6093641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T10:31:10Z","timestamp":1410777070000},"page":"3641-3652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Vitamin E Concentrations in Adults with HIV\/AIDS on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Daniella","family":"Kaio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Public Health School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, CEP-01246-904 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Rond\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Public Health School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, CEP-01246-904 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liania","family":"Luzia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Public Health School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, CEP-01246-904 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, CEP-01246-904 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Firmino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Public Health School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, CEP-01246-904 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, Rodovia Washington Lu\u00eds, km 235, CEP-13565-905 S\u00e3o Carlos, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000095","article-title":"Effects of antioxidants on CD4 and viral load in HIV-infected women in sub-Saharan Africa\u2014Dietary supplements vs. local diet","volume":"82","author":"Nkengfack","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. 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