{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T03:16:30Z","timestamp":1780542990315,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]],"date-time":"2015-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of the present work was both to analyze composition of Spanish celiac women and to study the food habits and gluten-free diet of these celiac patients,  in order to determine whether they achieve a balanced and healthy diet as well as to  highlight nutritional qualitative and\/or quantitative differences. 54 adult celiac women  (34 \u00b1 13 years) took part in the six-month study. Height, weight and body composition were measured. An analysis of energy consumption and of the macronutrient distribution of their diet was carried out. Their fulfillment of micronutrient intake recommendations was verified. Participants showed a Body Mass Index of 21.6 \u00b1 2.4 kg\/m2. Energy Intake was slightly lower than the Dietary Reference Intakes. Excessive protein apart from  over-consumption of fat was observed. More than three quarters of participants consumed meat in excess. Carbohydrate consumption along with that of fiber was below recommended levels. Vitamin D, iron, and iodine had a low percentage of recommendation compliance. In general, participants followed the recommendations of dairy products and fruit intake whereas vegetable consumption was not enough for the vast majority. We conclude that although the diet of celiac women does not differ much from the diet of general population, some considerations, such as reducing fat and protein consumption and increasing fiber intake, must be taken into account.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7075234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]],"date-time":"2015-07-08T10:10:02Z","timestamp":1436350202000},"page":"5515-5531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Analysis of Body Composition and Food Habits of Spanish Celiac Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Itziar","family":"Churruca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gluten Analysis Laboratory of University of the Basque Country, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonatan","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gluten Analysis Laboratory of University of the Basque Country, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arrate","family":"Lasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gluten Analysis Laboratory of University of the Basque Country, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Bustamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gluten Analysis Laboratory of University of the Basque Country, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idoia","family":"Larretxi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gluten Analysis Laboratory of University of the Basque Country, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8248-2506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edurne","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gluten Analysis Laboratory of University of the Basque Country, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2011.02379.x","article-title":"Clinical management of coeliac disease","volume":"269","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Int. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000450393.23156.59","article-title":"The new epidemiology of celiac disease","volume":"59","author":"Catassi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.1.160","article-title":"A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to establish a safe gluten threshold for patients with celiac disease","volume":"85","author":"Catassi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4869","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5124869","article-title":"Problems and challenges to adaptation of gluten free diet by Indian patients with celiac disease","volume":"5","author":"Rajpoot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.047985","article-title":"Might gluten traces in wheat substitutes pose a risk in patients with celiac disease? A population-based probabilistic approach to risk estimation","volume":"97","author":"Gibert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"American-Dietetic-Association (2009). Evidence Based Nutrition Practice Guideline, American-Dietetic-Association."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2010016","article-title":"The gluten-free diet: Safety and nutritional quality","volume":"2","author":"Saturni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.025","article-title":"Follow-up of patients with celiac disease: Achieving compliance with treatment","volume":"128","author":"Pietzak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1080\/003655200750024146","article-title":"Three years\u2019 follow-up of bone density in adult coeliac disease: Significance of secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"35","author":"Valdimarsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (1997). Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.3.694","article-title":"Healthy percentage body fat ranges: An approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index","volume":"72","author":"Gallagher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-014-0410-4","article-title":"Nutritional differences between a gluten-free diet and a diet containing equivalent products with gluten","volume":"69","author":"Miranda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant. Foods. Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Russolillo, G., and Marques, I. (2008). Food Portion Sizes Album, Imagen Comunicaci\u00f3n Multimedia."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Federation of Spanish Societies of Nutrition and Dietetics (FESNAD) (2010). Dietary reference intakes (DRI) for spanish population, 2010. Act Diet., 14, 196\u2013197."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Ross, C., Taylor, C., Yaktine, A., and del Valle, H. (2011). Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D, The National Academies Press."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2001228","article-title":"Dietary guidelines for the Spanish population","volume":"4","author":"Aranceta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Public. Health. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Nutritional Assessment Studies: Spanish Population Dietary Intakes. National Health Survey. ENIDE. Available online: http:\/\/aesan.msssi.gob.es\/AESAN\/web\/evaluacion_riesgos\/seccion\/estudios_evaluacion_nutricional.shtml."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa025039","article-title":"Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population","volume":"348","author":"Trichopoulou","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1409","article-title":"Nutritional objectives for the Spanish population: Consensus from the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition","volume":"4","author":"Aranceta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.4.937","article-title":"Body composition and dietary intakes in adult celiac disease patients consuming a strict gluten-free diet","volume":"72","author":"Bardella","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pedrera-Zamorano, J.D., Roncero-Martin, R., Lavado-Garcia, J.M., Calderon-Garcia, J.F., Rey-Sanchez, P., Vera, V., Martinez, M., and Moran, J.M. (2014). Segmental fat-free and fat mass measurements by bioelectrical impedance analysis in 2224 healthy Spanish women aged 18\u201385 years. Am. J. Hum. Biol.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22669"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3975","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5103975","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are highly prevalent in newly diagnosed celiac disease patients","volume":"5","author":"Wierdsma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.03992.x","article-title":"Complete recovery of intestinal mucosa occurs very rarely in adult coeliac patients despite adherence to gluten-free diet","volume":"29","author":"Lanzini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01283.x","article-title":"Evidence of poor vitamin status in coeliac patients on a gluten-free diet for 10 years","volume":"16","author":"Hallert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022897028030","article-title":"Presentations of adult celiac disease in a nationwide patient support group","volume":"48","author":"Zipser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.12.012","article-title":"Changes in body mass index on a gluten-free diet in coeliac disease: A nationwide study","volume":"23","author":"Ukkola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Int. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellegrini, N., and Agostoni, C. (2015). Nutritional aspects of gluten-free products. J. Sci Food. Agric., in press.","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7101"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1159\/000348850","article-title":"Inadequate nutrient intake in patients with celiac disease: Results from a German dietary survey","volume":"87","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12026","article-title":"Intakes of nutrients in Italian children with celiac disease and the role of commercially available gluten-free products","volume":"26","author":"Zuccotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.208","article-title":"Evaluation of food consumption and dietary patterns in Spain by the Food Consumption Survey: Updated information","volume":"64","author":"Avila","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(98)00122-9","article-title":"Dietary sources of nutrients among US adults, 1989 to 1991","volume":"98","author":"Subar","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2003.09.012","article-title":"Recent advances in the formulation of gluten-free cereal-based products","volume":"15","author":"Gallagher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Food. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12116","article-title":"A comparison of general practitioners prescribing of gluten-free foods for the treatment of coeliac disease with national prescribing guidelines","volume":"27","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"147","article-title":"Preliminary results on dietary fibre intake in Spain and health benefits associated to soluble fiber intake","volume":"16","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Esp Nutr. Comunitaria"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2012.04.003","article-title":"How vitamin D works on bone","volume":"41","author":"Yoshida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North. Am."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cellier, C., Flobert, C., Cormier, C., Roux, C., and Schmitz, J. (2000). Severe osteopenia in symptom-free adults with a childhood diagnosis of coeliac disease. Lancet.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04855-2"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E89","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.5.e89","article-title":"Bone mineral density and importance of a gluten-free diet in patients with celiac disease in childhood","volume":"108","author":"Kalayci","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.4321\/S1130-01082013000300006","article-title":"Bone mineral density in adult coeliac disease: An updated review","volume":"105","author":"Lucendo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3164","article-title":"Persistent mucosal damage and risk of fracture in celiac disease","volume":"99","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2011.03.023","article-title":"Prevalence of iodine deficiency in Europe in 2010","volume":"72","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalyoncu, D., and Urganci, N. (2015). Antithyroid antibodies and thyroid function in pediatric patients with celiac disease. Int. J. Endocrinol.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/276575"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.955","article-title":"Effect of B vitamin supplementation on plasma homocysteine levels in celiac disease","volume":"15","author":"Hadithi","year":"2009","journal-title":"World. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(00)00386-2","article-title":"Folate, iron, and dietary fiber contents of the gluten-free diet","volume":"100","author":"Thompson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.12691\/ijcd-2-3-3","article-title":"Cereals and Legumes in Nutrition of People with Celiac Disease","volume":"2","author":"Mlynekov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Celiac Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2015.04.003","article-title":"Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Insights from the PREDIMED Study","volume":"58","author":"Estruch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"750","article-title":"Adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern and menopausal symptoms in relation to overweight\/obesity in Spanish perimenopausal and postmenopausal women","volume":"22","author":"Santiago","year":"2014","journal-title":"Menopause"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/7\/7\/5234\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:48:53Z","timestamp":1760215733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/7\/7\/5234"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["nu7075234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu7075234","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]]}}}