{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T10:27:17Z","timestamp":1772447237638,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,4]],"date-time":"2015-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mechanism of birth defects induced by folate deficiency was focused on mainly in fetal development. Little is known about the effect of folate deficiency on the maternal uterus, especially on decidual angiogenesis after implantation which establishes vessel networks to support embryo development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of folate deficiency on decidual angiogenesis. Serum folate levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence. The status of decidual angiogenesis was examined by cluster designation 34 (CD34) immunohistochemistry and the expression of angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), placental growth factor (PLGF), and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were also tested. Serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P4), and estradiol (E2) were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The folate-deficient mice had a lower folate level and a higher Hcy level. Folate deficiency restrained decidual angiogenesis with significant abnormalities in vascular density and the enlargement and elongation of the vascular sinus. It also showed a reduction in the expressions of VEGFA, VEGFR2, and PLGF. In addition, the serum levels of P4, E2, LH, and PRL were reduced in folate-deficient mice, and the expression of progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor \u03b1 (ER\u03b1) were abnormal. These results indicated that folate deficiency could impaire decidual angiogenesis and it may be related to the vasculotoxic properties of Hcy and the imbalance of the reproductive hormone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7085284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,5]],"date-time":"2015-08-05T03:18:55Z","timestamp":1438744735000},"page":"6425-6445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Folate Deficiency Could Restrain Decidual Angiogenesis in Pregnant Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yanli","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rufei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinggui","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanqing","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yubin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingxiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junlin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e442","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030442","article-title":"Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030","volume":"3","author":"Mathers","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"806","article-title":"Services for the care and prevention of birth defects. Reduced report of a World Health Organization and March of Dimes Foundation meeting","volume":"135","author":"Castillo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Chile"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"5","article-title":"Epidemiology of birth defects in high-prevalence areas of China","volume":"28","author":"Zheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"117","article-title":"Treatment of \u201cpernicious anaemia of pregnancy\u201d and \u201ctropical anaemia\u201d with special reference to yeast extract as a curative agent. 1931","volume":"26","author":"Wills","year":"2013","journal-title":"Natl. Med. J. India"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212243272602","article-title":"Prevention of the first occurrence of neural-tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation","volume":"327","author":"Czeizel","year":"1992","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ionescu-Ittu, R., Marelli, A.J., Mackie, A.S., and Pilote, L. (2009). Prevalence of severe congenital heart disease after folic acid fortification of grain products: Time trend analysis in Quebec, Canada. BMJ, 338.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b1673"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420510205","article-title":"Reduced recurrence of orofacial clefts after periconceptional supplementation with high-dose folic acid and multivitamins","volume":"51","author":"Tolarova","year":"1995","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"987","article-title":"Maternal polymorphisms 677C-T and 1298A-C of MTHFR, and 66A-G MTRR genes: Is there any relationship between polymorphisms of the folate pathway, maternal homocysteine levels, and the risk for having a child with Down syndrome?","volume":"140","author":"Perez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1969.tb09467.x","article-title":"Abruptio placentae and defective folate metabolism in Singapore women","volume":"76","author":"Hibbard","year":"1969","journal-title":"Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000151117.52952.b6","article-title":"Mapping the theories of preeclampsia: The role of homocysteine","volume":"105","author":"Mignini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.15.1867","article-title":"Plasma folate levels and risk of spontaneous abortion","volume":"288","author":"George","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine levels in South Asian women with growth-retarded fetuses","volume":"84","author":"Lindblad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des187","article-title":"Effect of folate deficiency on promoter methylation and gene expression of Esr1, Cdh1 and Pgr, and its influence on endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation","volume":"27","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.111690","article-title":"Decidual angiogenesis and placental orientation are altered in mice heterozygous for a dominant loss-of-function Gja1 (connexin43) mutation","volume":"89","author":"Winterhager","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201302618","article-title":"VEGF-A regulated by progesterone governs uterine angiogenesis and vascular remodelling during pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2003.10.009","article-title":"Aspects of human fetoplacental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. I. Molecular regulation","volume":"25","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"293","article-title":"Stimulation of endothelial cell migration by vascular permeability factor\/vascular endothelial growth factor through cooperative mechanisms involving the alphavbeta3 integrin, osteopontin, and thrombin","volume":"149","author":"Senger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2005.11.052","article-title":"Determination of folic acid by capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection","volume":"1107","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7031916","article-title":"Folate deficiency decreases apoptosis of endometrium decidual cells in pregnant mice via the mitochondrial pathway","volume":"7","author":"Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-10-84","article-title":"Involvement of the Reck tumor suppressor protein in maternal and embryonic vascular remodeling in mice","volume":"10","author":"Chandana","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20184","article-title":"Intussusceptive angiogenesis, its emergence, its characteristics, and its significance","volume":"231","author":"Burri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.13.6.0308","article-title":"Regulation of angiogenic growth factors in the female reproductive tract by estrogens and progestins","volume":"13","author":"Hyder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0410439","article-title":"The effect of folic acid on superovulation in the immature rat","volume":"41","author":"Willmott","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/112.8.1565","article-title":"Effect of folate deficiency on the reproductive organs of female rhesus monkeys: A cytomorphological and cytokinetic study","volume":"112","author":"Mohanty","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(92)90246-U","article-title":"Disturbed reproductive performance in extreme folic acid deficient golden hamsters","volume":"43","author":"Mooij","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20105","article-title":"Maternal folate deficiency results in selective upregulation of folate receptors and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-E1 associated with multiple subtle aberrations in fetal tissues","volume":"73","author":"Xiao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402660610","article-title":"Implantation and decidualization in rodents","volume":"266","author":"Abrahamsohn","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2432664","article-title":"Angiogenic factors","volume":"235","author":"Folkman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.6.3.1371260","article-title":"Angiogenesis in the female reproductive system","volume":"6","author":"Reynolds","year":"1992","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.102","article-title":"Different degrees of vascularization and their relationship to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, angiopoietins, and their receptors in first-trimester decidual tissues","volume":"88","author":"Plaisier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1050205","article-title":"Localization of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, flt, in human placenta and decidua by immunohistochemistry","volume":"105","author":"Cooper","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1207","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) functions to promote uterine decidual angiogenesis during early pregnancy in the mouse","volume":"150","author":"Douglas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70021-3","article-title":"Preeclampsia is associated with reduced serum levels of placenta growth factor","volume":"179","author":"Torry","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gyneco.l"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3109\/08977199609003225","article-title":"Localisation of placenta growth factor (PIGF) in human term placenta","volume":"13","author":"Khaliq","year":"1996","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00078.x","article-title":"Placenta growth factor: Potential role in pregnancy","volume":"41","author":"Torry","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/87904","article-title":"Synergism between vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor contributes to angiogenesis and plasma extravasation in pathological conditions","volume":"7","author":"Carmeliet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1038\/nm731","article-title":"Revascularization of ischemic tissues by PlGF treatment, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, arthritis and atherosclerosis by anti-Flt1","volume":"8","author":"Luttun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1139\/Y07-112","article-title":"Homocysteine stimulates NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production leading to endothelial dysfunction in rats","volume":"85","author":"Edirimanne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.3.959.415k20_959_967","article-title":"Homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and growth arrest leads to specific changes in gene expression in human vascular endothelial cells","volume":"94","author":"Outinen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.3.613","article-title":"Determinants of plasma total homocysteine concentration in the Framingham Offspring cohort","volume":"73","author":"Jacques","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2980415","article-title":"Folate-deficiency-induced homocysteinaemia in rats: Disruption of S-adenosylmethionine\u2019s co-ordinate regulation of homocysteine metabolism","volume":"298","author":"Miller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115514","article-title":"Inhibition of thrombomodulin surface expression and protein C activation by the thrombogenic agent homocysteine","volume":"88","author":"Lentz","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2007.09.003","article-title":"The endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response","volume":"18","author":"Malhotra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35867","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M100747200","article-title":"Homocysteine induces programmed cell death in human vascular endothelial cells through activation of the unfolded protein response","volume":"276","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2011.11.001","article-title":"The effects of homocysteine and folic acid on angiogenesis and VEGF expression during chicken vascular development","volume":"83","author":"Oosterbaan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2010.05438.x","article-title":"Homocysteine impaired endothelial function through compromised vascular endothelial growth factor\/Akt\/endothelial nitric oxide synthase signalling","volume":"37","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1808","article-title":"Roadmap to embryo implantation: Clues from mouse models","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03792.x","article-title":"Role of steroid hormone-regulated genes in implantation","volume":"943","author":"Bagchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1242989","article-title":"Endometrial decidualization of mice and men","volume":"28","author":"Ramathal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108331121","article-title":"Hormone receptor dynamics in a receptive human endometrium","volume":"16","author":"Critchley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116450","article-title":"Patterns of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptors in mice suggest a role in hormonally regulated angiogenesis","volume":"91","author":"Shweiki","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.10.028","article-title":"The progesterone receptor regulates implantation, decidualization, and glandular development via a complex paracrine signaling network","volume":"357","author":"Wetendorf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-2026","article-title":"The coregulator, repressor of estrogen receptor activity (REA), is a crucial regulator of the timing and magnitude of uterine decidualization","volume":"154","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.04.021","article-title":"Exposure of mice to benzo(a)pyrene impairs endometrial receptivity and reduces the number of implantation sites during early pregnancy","volume":"69","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0297-201","article-title":"Follicle stimulating hormone is required for ovarian follicle maturation but not male fertility","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.1.1","article-title":"Mechanisms controlling the function and life span of the corpus luteum","volume":"80","author":"Niswender","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1210753","article-title":"Mechanisms of cytokine-induced death of cultured bovine luteal cells","volume":"121","author":"Petroff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(95)00238-3","article-title":"Diverse modes of action of progesterone and its metabolites","volume":"56","author":"Mahesh","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20089","article-title":"\u201cNatural\u201d progesterone: Information on fetal effects","volume":"77","author":"Golub","year":"2006","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. B Dev. Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1154","article-title":"Novel insights on interactions between folate and lipid metabolism","volume":"40","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.03.038","article-title":"Homocysteine and lipids: S-adenosyl methionine as a key intermediate","volume":"583","author":"Obeid","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/7\/8\/5284\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:50:09Z","timestamp":1760215809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/7\/8\/5284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,4]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["nu7085284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu7085284","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,4]]}}}