{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:43:44Z","timestamp":1771663424046,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,4]],"date-time":"2015-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For countries where nutrition surveys are infrequent, there is a need to have some measure of healthful eating to plan and evaluate interventions. This study shows how it is possible to develop healthful eating indicators based on dietary guidelines from a cross sectional population survey. Adults 18 to 64 years answered questions about the type and amount of foods eaten the previous day, including fruit, vegetables, cereals, dairy, fish or meat and fluids. Scores were based on serves and types of food according to an established method. Factor analysis indicated two factors, confirmed by structural equation modeling: a recommended food healthful eating indicator (RF_HEI) and a discretionary food healthful eating indicator (DF_HEI). Both yield mean scores similar to an established dietary index validated against nutrient intake. Significant associations for the RF_HEI were education, income, ability to save, and attitude toward diet; and for the DF_HEI, gender, not living alone, living in a socially disadvantaged area, and attitude toward diet. The results confirm that short dietary questions can be used to develop healthful eating indicators against dietary recommendations. This will enable the exploration of dietary behaviours for \u201cat risk\u201d groups, such as those with excess weight, leading to more relevant interventions for populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7085287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,5]],"date-time":"2015-08-05T03:18:55Z","timestamp":1438744735000},"page":"6330-6345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Using Short Dietary Questions to Develop Indicators of Dietary Behaviour for Use in Surveys Exploring Attitudinal and\/or Behavioural Aspects of Dietary Choices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Alison","family":"Daly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth 6845, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth 6845, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Health in Western Australia, 189 Royal Street, East Perth 6004, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1094-1299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth 6845, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6220-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin","family":"Binns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth 6845, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0252-9085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, 50 Murray Street, Perth 6000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.011221","article-title":"Diet quality and the risk of cardiovascular disease: The women\u2019s health initiative (whi)","volume":"94","author":"Belin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. 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