{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:02:52Z","timestamp":1791248572687,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]],"date-time":"2015-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development","award":["Grant 6130.0031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant 6130.0031"]}]},{"name":"NZO (Dutch Dairy Association)"},{"name":"MCO Health"},{"name":"NCHA (Netherlands Consortium Healthy Ageing)"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016239","name":"Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KB-15-004-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KB-15-004-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016239","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001720","name":"Nutricia Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Low vitamin B-12 concentrations are frequently observed among older adults. Malabsorption is hypothesized to be an important cause of vitamin B-12 inadequacy, but serum vitamin B-12 may also be differently affected by vitamin B-12 intake depending on food source. We examined associations between dietary sources of vitamin B-12 (meat, fish and shellfish, eggs, dairy) and serum vitamin B-12, using cross-sectional data of 600 Dutch community-dwelling adults (\u226565 years). Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Vitamin B-12 concentrations were measured in serum. Associations were studied over tertiles of vitamin B-12 intake using P for trend, by calculating prevalence ratios (PRs), and splines. Whereas men had significantly higher vitamin B-12 intakes than women (median (25th\u201375th percentile): 4.18 (3.29\u20135.38) versus 3.47 (2.64\u20134.40) \u03bcg\/day), serum vitamin B-12 did not differ between the two sexes (mean \u00b1 standard deviation (SD): 275 \u00b1 104 pmol\/L versus 290 \u00b1 113 pmol\/L). Higher intakes of dairy, meat, and fish and shellfish were significantly associated with higher serum vitamin B-12 concentrations, where meat and dairy\u2014predominantly milk were the most potent sources. Egg intake did not significantly contribute to higher serum vitamin B-12 concentrations. Thus, dairy and meat were the most important contributors to serum vitamin B-12, followed by fish and shellfish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7095364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T03:46:33Z","timestamp":1442288793000},"page":"7781-7797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Dietary Sources of Vitamin B-12 and Their Association with Vitamin B-12 Status Markers in Healthy Older Adults in the  B-PROOF Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6829-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elske","family":"Brouwer-Brolsma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA,  The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalie","family":"Dhonukshe-Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA,  The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janneke","family":"Van Wijngaarden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA,  The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikita","family":"Zwaluw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA,  The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus MC, Department of Internal Medicine, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22700, Amsterdam 1100 DD, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2778-2789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisette","family":"De Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA,  The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26947A","article-title":"How common is vitamin B-12 deficiency?","volume":"89","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. 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