{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:38:38Z","timestamp":1781174318836,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]],"date-time":"2015-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cow\u2019s milk is the most common cause of food-protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). The aim of this study was to examine the clinical features and treatment outcomes of infants with severe FPIES to cow\u2019s milk. We reviewed all infants \u226412 months of age who were hospitalized and diagnosed with severe FPIES to cow\u2019s milk between 1 January 2011 and 31 August 2014 in a tertiary Children\u2019s Medical Center in China. Patients\u2019 clinical features, feeding patterns, laboratory tests, and treatment outcomes were reviewed. A total of 12 infants met the inclusion criteria. All infants presented with diarrhea, edema, and hypoalbuminemia. Other main clinical manifestations included regurgitation\/vomiting, skin rashes, low-grade fever, bloody and\/or mucous stools, abdominal distention, and failure to thrive. They had clinical remission with resolution of diarrhea and significant increase of serum albumin after elimination of cow\u2019s milk protein (CMP) from the diet. The majority of infants developed tolerance to the CMP challenge test after 12 months of avoidance. In conclusion, we reported the clinical experience of 12 infants with severe FPIES to cow\u2019s milk, which resulted in malnutrition, hypoproteinemia, and failure to thrive. Prompt treatment with CMP-free formula is effective and leads to clinical remission of FPIES in infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]],"date-time":"2015-12-23T06:52:19Z","timestamp":1450853539000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Severe Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome to Cow\u2019s Milk in Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanlan","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Friesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sitang","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding-You","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31825c9482","article-title":"Diagnostic approach and management of cow\u2019s-milk protein allergy in infants and children: ESPGHAN GI Committee practical guidelines","volume":"55","author":"Koletzko","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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