{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T03:21:57Z","timestamp":1767842517465,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic arginine intake is believed to have favorable effects on the body. However, it might be hypothesized that excessive consumption of an individual amino acid exerts adverse effects on distribution and metabolism of other amino acids. We evaluated the effect of chronic intake of arginine on amino acid concentrations in blood plasma, liver, kidneys, and soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles. Rats were fed a standard diet or a high-arginine diet (HAD) for two months. Half of the animals in each group were sacrificed in the fed state, and the other half after fasting overnight. HAD increased blood plasma concentrations of urea, creatinine, arginine, and ornithine and decreased most other amino acids. Arginine and ornithine also increased in muscles and kidneys; an increase of lysine was observed in both muscle types. Methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, asparagine, glycine, serine, and taurine decreased in most tissues of HAD fed animals. Most of the effects of HAD disappeared after overnight fasting. It is concluded that (i) enhanced dietary arginine intake alters distribution of almost all amino acids; and (ii) to attain a better assessment of the effects of various nutritional interventions, an appropriate number of biochemical measurements must be performed in both postprandial and postabsorptive states.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8040206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T21:02:38Z","timestamp":1460149358000},"page":"206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Amino Acid Profiles in Blood and Tissues in Fed and Overnight-Fasted Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0385-8881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan","family":"Holecek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 38, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludek","family":"Sispera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 38, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.508S","article-title":"Arginine: Beyond protein","volume":"83","author":"Morris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2741\/3672","article-title":"l-arginine, NO and asymmetrical dimethylarginine in hypertension and type 2 diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Das","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.6.1687S","article-title":"Arginine in the critical care setting","volume":"137","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"244","article-title":"Arginine stimulates lymphocyte immune response in healthy human beings","volume":"90","author":"Barbul","year":"1981","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2004.03.005","article-title":"Biochemical responses of healthy subjects during dietary supplementation with l-arginine","volume":"15","author":"Evans","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.6.693","article-title":"Intracellular free amino acid concentration in human muscle tissue","volume":"36","author":"Vinnars","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1172","article-title":"Measurement of body water and intracellular electrolytes by means of muscle biopsy","volume":"2","author":"Graham","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100663","article-title":"Long term exposure to l-arginine accelerates endothelial cell senescence through arginase-II and S6K1 signaling","volume":"6","author":"Xiong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00807268","article-title":"Metabolism of citrulline in man","volume":"9","author":"Rabier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E75","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.280.1.E75","article-title":"Regulatory role of arginase I and II in nitric oxide, polyamine, and proline syntheses in endothelial cells","volume":"280","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.09.016","article-title":"Alterations in protein metabolism and amino acid concentrations in rats fed by a high-protein (casein-enriched) diet\u2014Effect of starvation","volume":"49","author":"Holecek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1990.70.1.43","article-title":"Role of amino acid transport and countertransport in nutrition and metabolism","volume":"70","author":"Christensen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-012-0150-6","article-title":"The dose-dependent effects of endotoxin on protein metabolism in two types of rat skeletal muscle","volume":"68","author":"Kovarik","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1701-7","article-title":"Glutamine deficiency in extracellular fluid exerts adverse effects on protein and amino acid metabolism in skeletal muscle of healthy, laparotomized, and septic rats","volume":"46","author":"Holecek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-010-0679-z","article-title":"Acute hyperammonemia activates branched-chain amino acid catabolism and decreases their extracellular concentrations: Different sensitivity of red and white muscle","volume":"40","author":"Holecek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607114537832","article-title":"Enhanced glutamine availability exerts different effects on protein and amino acid metabolism in skeletal muscle from healthy and septic rats","volume":"39","author":"Holecek","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1997.10718644","article-title":"The metabolic roles, pharmacology, and toxicology of lysine","volume":"16","author":"Flodin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0790331","article-title":"Effect of a test meal, without and with protein, on muscle and plasma free amino acids","volume":"79","author":"Vinnars","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-89-5-632","article-title":"Life-threatening hyperkalemia induced by arginine","volume":"89","author":"Bushinsky","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"407","article-title":"Arginine hydrochloride stimulation of serum potassium and aldosterone is enhanced by somatostatin-28","volume":"105","author":"Barron","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"23","article-title":"Arginine-induced hypermagnesemia and hyperkalemia in nephrectomized rats","volume":"7","author":"Whang","year":"1988","journal-title":"Magnesium"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2009.04.004","article-title":"l-Arginine enhances the triglyceride-lowering effect of simvastatin in patients with elevated plasma triglycerides","volume":"29","author":"Schulze","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-1992-3","article-title":"Safety of long-term dietary supplementation with l-arginine in rats","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Amino Acids"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/8\/4\/206\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:21:55Z","timestamp":1760210515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/8\/4\/206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["nu8040206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu8040206","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]]}}}