{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:23:25Z","timestamp":1790519005708,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound produced by plants under various stress conditions. Resveratrol has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties in mammalian cells and animal models, and might therefore exert pleiotropic beneficial effects in different pathophysiological states. More recently, resveratrol has also been shown to potentially target many mitochondrial metabolic pathways, including fatty acid \u03b2-oxidation or oxidative phosphorylation, leading to the up-regulation of the energy metabolism via signaling pathways involving PGC-1\u03b1, SIRT1, and\/or AMP-kinase, which are not yet fully delineated. Some of resveratrol beneficial effects likely arise from its cellular effects in the skeletal muscle, which, surprisingly, has been given relatively little attention, compared to other target tissues. Here, we review the potential for resveratrol to ameliorate or correct mitochondrial metabolic deficiencies responsible for myopathies, due to inherited fatty acid \u03b2-oxidation or to respiratory chain defects, for which no treatment exists to date. We also review recent data supporting therapeutic effects of resveratrol in the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, a fatal genetic disease affecting the production of muscle dystrophin, associated to a variety of mitochondrial dysfunctions, which likely contribute to disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8050254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T10:25:55Z","timestamp":1461839155000},"page":"254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Resveratrol and Myopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jean","family":"Bastin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMRS 1124, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris 75006, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Djouadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMRS 1124, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris 75006, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02903.x","article-title":"Wine phenolics","volume":"957","author":"Waterhouse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Of the phenolic substances of white hellbore (veratrum grandiflorum loes. Fil.)","volume":"3","author":"Takaoka","year":"1940","journal-title":"J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi1947.83.10_988","article-title":"Chemical constituents of polygonaceous plants. I. Studies on the components of ko-j o-kon. (polygonum cuspidatum sieb. Et zucc.)","volume":"83","author":"Nonomura","year":"1963","journal-title":"Yakugaku zasshi J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5297.218","article-title":"Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes","volume":"275","author":"Jang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.01.014","article-title":"The pharmacology of resveratrol in animals and humans","volume":"1852","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2060","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of resveratrol: The in vivo evidence","volume":"5","author":"Baur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6064","DOI":"10.2174\/13816128113199990407","article-title":"Resveratrol and clinical trials: The crossroad from in vitro studies to human evidence","volume":"19","author":"Larrosa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2009.02.011","article-title":"Cellular effects of resveratrol in skeletal muscle","volume":"84","year":"2009","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2012.05.007","article-title":"Muscle mitochondria and insulin resistance: A human perspective","volume":"23","author":"Hoeks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05354","article-title":"Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet","volume":"444","author":"Baur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.11.013","article-title":"Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha","volume":"127","author":"Lagouge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houten, S.M., Violante, S., Ventura, F.V., and Wanders, R.J. (2015). The biochemistry and physiology of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation and its genetic disorders. Ann. Rev. Physiol.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021115-105045"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2004.06.004","article-title":"Carnitine palmitoyltransferases 1 and 2: Biochemical, molecular and medical aspects","volume":"25","author":"Bonnefont","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.1.37","article-title":"Muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase ii deficiency: Clinical and molecular genetic features and diagnostic aspects","volume":"62","author":"Deschauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.1174","article-title":"Mutation analysis in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects: Exemplified by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies, with special focus on genotype-phenotype relationship","volume":"18","author":"Gregersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0806334","article-title":"Bezafibrate for treatment of an inborn mitochondrial \u03b2-oxidation defect","volume":"360","author":"Bonnefont","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.55","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of bezafibrate treatment in patients with the myopathic form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 deficiency","volume":"88","author":"Bonnefont","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2008.09.008","article-title":"A delphi clinical practice protocol for the management of very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency","volume":"96","author":"Arnold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-010-9188-1","article-title":"Current issues regarding treatment of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders","volume":"33","author":"Spiekerkoetter","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-008-0844-7","article-title":"Ppars as therapeutic targets for correction of inborn mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders","volume":"31","author":"Djouadi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbr021","article-title":"Drug repositioning for orphan diseases","volume":"12","author":"Sardana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr089","article-title":"Exposure to resveratrol triggers pharmacological correction of fatty acid utilization in human fatty acid oxidation-deficient fibroblasts","volume":"20","author":"Bastin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-9-79","article-title":"Stilbenes and resveratrol metabolites improve mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects in human fibroblasts","volume":"9","author":"Aires","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1808-8","article-title":"Metabolic effects of resveratrol: Addressing the controversies","volume":"72","author":"Bitterman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.10.005","article-title":"The molecular targets of resveratrol","volume":"1852","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.001917","article-title":"Regulation of PGC-1alpha, a nodal regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis","volume":"93","author":"Auwerx","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01960","article-title":"Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan","volume":"425","author":"Howitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17187","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501250200","article-title":"Mechanism of human sirt1 activation by resveratrol","volume":"280","author":"Borra","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17038","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M500655200","article-title":"Substrate-specific activation of sirtuins by resveratrol","volume":"280","author":"Kaeberlein","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8340","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.088682","article-title":"SRT1720, SRT2183, SRT1460, and resveratrol are not direct activators of SIRT1","volume":"285","author":"Pacholec","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7217","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610068104","article-title":"Resveratrol stimulates amp kinase activity in neurons","volume":"104","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20015","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802187200","article-title":"Sirt1 regulates hepatocyte lipid metabolism through activating amp-activated protein kinase","volume":"283","author":"Hou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.04.003","article-title":"Sirt1 is required for ampk activation and the beneficial effects of resveratrol on mitochondrial function","volume":"15","author":"Price","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.01.017","article-title":"Resveratrol ameliorates aging-related metabolic phenotypes by inhibiting camp phosphodiesterases","volume":"148","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1012478","article-title":"Monogenic mitochondrial disorders","volume":"366","author":"Koopman","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp058","article-title":"Mitochondrial complex i deficiency: From organelle dysfunction to clinical disease","volume":"132","author":"Distelmaier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2015.03.001","article-title":"Emerging concepts in the therapy of mitochondrial disease","volume":"1847","author":"Viscomi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27794","article-title":"PGC-1 coactivators: Inducible regulators of energy metabolism in health and disease","volume":"116","author":"Finck","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0037","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 coactivators, energy homeostasis, and metabolism","volume":"27","author":"Handschin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt603","article-title":"Beneficial effects of resveratrol on respiratory chain defects in patients\u2019 fibroblasts involve estrogen receptor and estrogen-related receptor alpha signaling","volume":"23","author":"Mathieu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3657","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.10.7721","article-title":"Resveratrol acts as a mixed agonist\/antagonist for estrogen receptors alpha and beta","volume":"141","author":"Bowers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2011.03.121","article-title":"Estrogen related receptors (errs): A new dawn in transcriptional control of mitochondrial gene networks","volume":"11","author":"Eichner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golubitzky, A., Dan, P., Weissman, S., Link, G., Wikstrom, J.D., and Saada, A. (2011). Screening for active small molecules in mitochondrial complex i deficient patient\u2019s fibroblasts, reveals aicar as the most beneficial compound. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026883"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4988","article-title":"Effect of resveratrol on cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with oxidative phosphorylation defects","volume":"28","author":"Vandemeulebroecke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytother. Res. PTR"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0370","article-title":"Influence of exercise training with resveratrol supplementation on skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity","volume":"41","author":"Polley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14919","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules190914919","article-title":"Experimental studies of the molecular pathways regulated by exercise and resveratrol in heart, skeletal muscle and the vasculature","volume":"19","author":"Dolinsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665113003856","article-title":"Can resveratrol help to maintain metabolic health?","volume":"73","author":"Schrauwen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400221","article-title":"Duchenne muscular dystrophy and dystrophin: Pathogenesis and opportunities for treatment","volume":"5","author":"Nowak","year":"2004","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201212142","article-title":"The cell biology of disease: Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying muscular dystrophy","volume":"201","author":"Rahimov","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2006.09.016","article-title":"Pathophysiology of duchenne muscular dystrophy: Current hypotheses","volume":"36","author":"Deconinck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatri. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.08.015","article-title":"Revisiting the dystrophin-atp connection: How half a century of research still implicates mitochondrial dysfunction in duchenne muscular dystrophy aetiology","volume":"85","author":"Timpani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4177","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12267","article-title":"The mdx mouse model as a surrogate for duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"280","author":"Partridge","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90463-1","article-title":"Fast muscle fibers are preferentially affected in duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"52","author":"Webster","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-238071","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of skeletal muscle plasticity in duchenne muscular dystrophy: Phenotypic modifiers as pharmacologic targets","volume":"28","author":"Ljubicic","year":"2014","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1525107","article-title":"PGC-1alpha regulates the neuromuscular junction program and ameliorates duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"21","author":"Handschin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.111.183210","article-title":"Resveratrol ameliorates muscular pathology in the dystrophic mdx mouse, a model for duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"338","author":"Hori","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C66","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00357.2013","article-title":"Resveratrol induces expression of the slow, oxidative phenotype in mdx mouse muscle together with enhanced activity of the SIRT1-PGC-1alpha axis","volume":"307","author":"Ljubicic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selsby, J.T., Morine, K.J., Pendrak, K., Barton, E.R., and Sweeney, H.L. (2012). Rescue of dystrophic skeletal muscle by PGC-1alpha involves a fast to slow fiber type shift in the mdx mouse. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030063"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9734","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7125498","article-title":"Metabogenic and nutriceutical approaches to address energy dysregulation and skeletal muscle wasting in duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Rybalka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moorwood, C., Lozynska, O., Suri, N., Napper, A.D., Diamond, S.L., and Khurana, T.S. (2011). Drug discovery for duchenne muscular dystrophy via utrophin promoter activation screening. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026169"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.06.003","article-title":"Resveratrol decreases inflammation and increases utrophin gene expression in the mdx mouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"32","author":"Gordon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2013.10.007","article-title":"Genetic and cellular modifiers of oxidative stress: What can we learn from fatty acid oxidation defects?","volume":"110","author":"Olsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2011.06.011","article-title":"Pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial complex i deficiency: The cellular level and beyond","volume":"12","author":"Roestenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.11.003","article-title":"Species differences in the effects of bezafibrate as a potential treatment of mitochondrial disorders","volume":"14","author":"Djouadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.06.011","article-title":"Resveratrol delays age-related deterioration and mimics transcriptional aspects of dietary restriction without extending life span","volume":"8","author":"Pearson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams, C.B., Hughes, M.C., Edgett, B.A., Scribbans, T.D., Simpson, C.A., Perry, C.G., and Gurd, B.J. (2014). An examination of resveratrol\u2019s mechanisms of action in human tissue: Impact of a single dose in vivo and dose responses in skeletal muscle ex vivo. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102406"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.09.015","article-title":"Resveratrol supplementation does not improve metabolic function in nonobese women with normal glucose tolerance","volume":"16","author":"Yoshino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.10.002","article-title":"Calorie restriction-like effects of 30 days of resveratrol supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic profile in obese humans","volume":"14","author":"Timmers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/8\/5\/254\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:23:00Z","timestamp":1760210580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/8\/5\/254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["nu8050254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu8050254","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]}}}