{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:50:21Z","timestamp":1790635821527,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland spearhead project Changing Climate and Biological Interactions Related to Forests, CABI"},{"name":"Finnish Cultural Foundation - North-Savo"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013511","name":"Finnish Eye Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013511","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kuopio University Hospital VTR grant","award":["5503743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5503743"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Impaired autophagic and proteasomal cleansing have been documented in aged retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Omega-3 fatty acids and resveratrol have many positive homeostatic effects in RPE cells. In this work, ARPE-19 cells were treated with 288 ng of Resvega, containing 30 mg of trans resveratrol and 665 mg of omega-3 fatty acids, among other nutrients, with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 or autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 up to 48 h. Autophagy markers p62\/SQSTM1 (p62) and LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1A\/1B-light chain 3) were analyzed by Western blotting. Fluorescence microscopy with mCherry-GFP-LC3 plasmid was applied to study the autophagy flux, and cytoprotective effects were investigated with colorimetric MTT and LDH assays. Resvega induced autophagy by showing increased autolysosome formation and autophagy flux, and the change in the p62 and LC3 protein levels further confirmed the fluorescent microscopy results. Moreover, Resvega provided a clear cytoprotection under proteasome inhibition. These findings highlight the potential of the nutraceuticals containing resveratrol, omega-3 fatty acids and other nutrients in the prevention of ARPE-19 cell damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8050284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T10:53:59Z","timestamp":1462964039000},"page":"284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Nutraceutical with Resveratrol and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Induces Autophagy in ARPE-19 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Koskela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Reinisalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2905-9252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goran","family":"Petrovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cells and Eye Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary"},{"name":"Centre of Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo 0450, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debasish","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Olmiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoires Th\u00e9a, Clermond-Ferrand cedex 63 000, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reijo","family":"Karjalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Kaarniranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70029, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.24546","article-title":"Autophagy and heterophagy dysregulation leads to retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and development of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"9","author":"Kaarniranta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2011.634815","article-title":"An estimation of the worldwide economic and health burden of visual impairment","volume":"7","author":"Gordois","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob. 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