{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:52:02Z","timestamp":1782175922326,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health: Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute","award":["UL1 TR000454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR000454"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24 DK096574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 DK096574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, NICHD, CDC and GAIN","award":["BRINDA project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRINDA project"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anemia affects approximately 25% of school-aged children (SAC\u2014aged 5.00\u201314.99 years) globally. We determined in three countries the prevalence and determinants of anemia in SAC. Data on sociodemographics, inflammation and nutrition status were obtained from the 2006 Mexican National Nutrition Survey, the 2003-6 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, and the 2010 Encuesta Nacional de Nutrici\u00f3n Situaci\u00f3n Colombia. In the US, vitamin A and iron deficiency (ID) were available only for girls aged 12.00\u201314.99 years to which our analysis was limited. Associations were evaluated by country using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for confounders and complex survey design. The prevalence of anemia and ID were: Mexico 12% (ID 18%), n = 3660; US 4% (ID 10%), n = 733; and Colombia 4% (ID 9%), n = 8573. The percentage of anemia associated with ID was 22.4% in Mexico, 38.9% in the US and 16.7% in Colombia. In Mexico, anemia was associated with ID (adjusted OR: 1.5, p = 0.02) and overweight (aOR 0.4, p = 0.007). In the US, anemia was associated with black race\/ethnicity (aOR: 14.1, p &lt; 0.0001) and ID (aOR: 8.0, p &lt; 0.0001). In Colombia, anemia was associated with black race\/ethnicity (aOR: 1.6, p = 0.005), lowest socio-economic status quintile (aOR: 1.8, p = 0.0005), ID (aOR: 2.7, p &lt; 0.0001), and being stunted (aOR: 1.6, p = 0.02). While anemia was uniformly associated with iron deficiency in Mexico, Columbia, and the United States, other measured factors showed inconsistent associations with anemia. Additional data on anemia determinants in SAC are needed to guide interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8070387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]],"date-time":"2016-06-24T11:03:11Z","timestamp":1466766191000},"page":"387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Determinants of Anemia among School-Aged Children in Mexico, the United States and Colombia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sana","family":"Syed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Addo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"De la Cruz-G\u00f3ngora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition and Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fayrouz","family":"Ashour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition &amp; Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parminder","family":"Suchdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"},{"name":"Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62304-5","article-title":"Anaemia in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"378","author":"Balarajan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008002401","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, who vitamin and mineral nutrition information system, 1993\u20132005","volume":"12","author":"McLean","year":"2009","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5915","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6125915","article-title":"The impact of anemia on child mortality: An updated review","volume":"6","author":"Scott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.4276","article-title":"Global and national burden of diseases and injuries among children and adolescents between 1990 and 2013: Findings from the global burden of disease 2013 study","volume":"170","author":"Kyu","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"World Health Organization, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007). 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