{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:15:42Z","timestamp":1788174942293,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heart failure (HF) is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in Western countries. Although evidence-based treatments have substantially improved outcomes, prognosis remains poor with high costs for health care systems. In patients with HF, poor dietary behaviors are associated with unsatisfactory quality of life and adverse outcome. The HF guidelines have not recommended a specific nutritional strategy. Despite the role of micronutrient deficiency it has been extensively studied, data about the efficacy of supplementation therapy in HF are not supported by large randomized trials and there is limited evidence regarding the outcomes. The aim of the present review is to analyze the state-of-the-art of nutritional deficiencies in HF, focusing on the physiological role and the prognostic impact of micronutrient supplementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8070442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T09:54:45Z","timestamp":1469181285000},"page":"442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Nutritional Deficiency in Patients with Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3479-3454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Sciatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Ravera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Vizzardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivano","family":"Bonadei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Carubelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elio","family":"Gorga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Metra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponikowski, P., Voors, A.A., Anker, S.D., Bueno, H., Cleland, J.G., Coats, A.J., Falk, V., Gonz\u00e1lez-Juanatey, J.R., Harjola, V.P., and Jankowska, E.A. 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