{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:14:33Z","timestamp":1790255673721,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]],"date-time":"2016-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It has been shown that it is possible to modify macronutrient oxidation, physical fitness and resting energy expenditure (REE) by changes in diet composition. Furthermore, mitochondrial oxidation can be significantly increased by a diet with a low glycemic index. The purpose of our trial was to compare the effects of a vegetarian (V) and conventional diet (C) with the same caloric restriction (\u2212500 kcal\/day) on physical fitness and REE after 12 weeks of diet plus aerobic exercise in 74 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). An open, parallel, randomized study design was used. All meals were provided for the whole study duration. An individualized exercise program was prescribed to the participants and was conducted under supervision. Physical fitness was measured by spiroergometry and indirect calorimetry was performed at the start and after 12 weeks Repeated-measures ANOVA (Analysis of variance) models with between-subject (group) and within-subject (time) factors and interactions were used for evaluation of the relationships between continuous variables and factors. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased by 12% in vegetarian group (V) (F = 13.1, p &lt; 0.001, partial \u03b72 = 0.171), whereas no significant change was observed in C (F = 0.7, p = 0.667; group \u00d7 time F = 9.3, p = 0.004, partial \u03b72 = 0.209). Maximal performance (Watt max) increased by 21% in V (F = 8.3, p &lt; 0.001, partial \u03b72 = 0.192), whereas it did not change in C (F = 1.0, p = 0.334; group \u00d7 time F = 4.2, p = 0.048, partial \u03b72 = 0.116). Our results indicate that V leads more effectively to improvement in physical fitness than C after aerobic exercise program.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8110671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]],"date-time":"2016-10-26T05:47:55Z","timestamp":1477460875000},"page":"671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["\u201cA Vegetarian vs. Conventional Hypocaloric Diet: The Effect on Physical Fitness in Response to Aerobic Exercise in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.\u201d A Parallel Randomized Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jiri","family":"Veleba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958\/9, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Matoulek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General University Hospital, 3rd Internal Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 11394 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terezie","family":"Pelikanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958\/9, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0491-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hana","family":"Kahleova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958\/9, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association (2008). 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