{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T12:21:49Z","timestamp":1784031709577,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HI13C2098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI13C2098"]}]},{"name":"the Bio &amp; Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT &amp; Future Planning","award":["2016M3A9B6026775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M3A9B6026775"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This prospective study sought to investigate serum levels of trace elements (cobalt, copper, zinc, and selenium) and to assess their effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Serum levels of trace elements in 245 Korean pregnant women (median gestational age at delivery was 39 + 4 weeks and interquartile range was 38 + 4\u201340 + 1 weeks) were compared with those of 527 general adults and those of previous studies in other ethnic groups. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, neonatal birth weight, and congenital abnormalities were assessed. The median serum trace element concentrations of all pregnant women were: cobalt: 0.39 \u03bcg\/L (interquartile range, IQR 0.29\u20130.53), copper: 165.0 \u03bcg\/dL (IQR 144.0\u2013187.0), zinc: 57.0 \u03bcg\/dL (IQR 50.0\u201364.0), and selenium: 94.0 \u03bcg\/L (IQR 87.0\u2013101.0). Serum cobalt and copper concentrations were higher in pregnant women than in the general population, whereas zinc and selenium levels were lower (p &lt; 0.01). Concentrations of all four trace elements varied significantly during the three trimesters (p &lt; 0.05), and seasonal variation was found in copper, zinc, and selenium, but was not observed for cobalt. The prevalence of preeclampsia was significantly lower with high copper (p = 0.03). Trace element levels varied by pregnancy trimester and season, and alteration in copper status during pregnancy might influence pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8110749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T11:12:14Z","timestamp":1479899534000},"page":"749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["A Prospective Study of Serum Trace Elements in Healthy Korean Pregnant Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rihwa","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4341-6906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heejin","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seonwoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Dater Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9563-5046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo-young","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7595-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo-Youn","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Burtis, C.A., Ashwood, E.R., and Bruns, D.E. 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