{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T07:08:07Z","timestamp":1775027287431,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]],"date-time":"2017-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In Mexico, infants (0\u20132 years old) show the highest prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD), measured by serum retinol concentrations. Thus, we consider that low vitamin A (VA) intake through breast milk (BM) combined with poor weaning practices are the main factors that contribute to VAD in this group. We combined the assessment of VA status in lactating women using BM retinol and a stable isotope \u2018dose-to-mother\u2019 technique to measure BM production in women from urban and agricultural areas. Infants\u2019 mean BM intake was 758 \u00b1 185 mL, and no difference was observed between both areas (p = 0.067). Mean BM retinol concentration was 1.09 \u03bcmol\/L, which was significantly lower for the agricultural area (p = 0.028). Based on BM retinol concentration, 57% of women were VAD; although this prevalence fell to 16% when based on fat content. Regardless of the VA biomarker used here, infants from the urban and agricultural areas cover only 66% and 49% of their dietary adequate intake from BM, respectively (p = 0.054). Our data indicate that VAD is still a public health concern in Mexico. Adopting both methods to assess VA transfer from the mother to the breastfed child offers an innovative approach towards the nutritional assessment of vulnerable groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9020169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T11:40:52Z","timestamp":1487763652000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["\u2018Dose-to-Mother\u2019 Deuterium Oxide Dilution Technique: An Accurate Strategy to Measure Vitamin A Intake in Breastfed Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1429-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Lopez-Teros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Limon-Miro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2452-0057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto","family":"Astiazaran-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherry","family":"Tanumihardjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Tortoledo-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2009). 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