{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T01:13:24Z","timestamp":1780622004288,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81101333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81101333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001547","name":"China Medical Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13-168-201608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13-168-201608"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many children suffer from nutritional deficiencies that may negatively affect their academic performance.  This cluster\u2010randomized controlled trial aimed to test the effects of micronutrient\u2010fortified milk in Chinese students. Participants received either micronutrient\u2010fortified (n = 177)  or  unfortified  (n  =  183)  milk  for  six  months.  Academic performance, motivation, and learning strategies were estimated by end\u2010of\u2010term tests and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Blood samples were analyzed for micronutrients.  In total, 296 students (82.2%) completed this study. Compared with the control group, students in the intervention group reported higher scores in several academic subjects (p &lt; 0.05), including languages, mathematics, ethics, and physical performance at the end of follow\u2010up. Students in the intervention group showed greater self\u2010efficacy and use of cognitive strategies in learning, and reported less test anxiety (p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, vitamin B2 deficiency (odds ratio (OR) = 0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11~0.30) and iron deficiency (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14~0.81) were less likely in the students of the intervention group, whereas vitamin D, vitamin B12, and selenium deficiencies were not significantly different. \u201cCognitive strategy\u201d had a partial mediating effect on the test scores of English (95% CI: 1.26~3.79) and Chinese (95% CI: 0.53~2.21). Our findings suggest that micronutrient\u2010fortified milk may improve students\u2019 academic performance, motivation, and learning strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T10:31:17Z","timestamp":1488450677000},"page":"226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Micronutrient\u2010Fortified\u00a0Milk\u00a0and\u00a0Academic\u00a0 Performance\u00a0among\u00a0Chinese\u00a0Middle\u00a0School\u00a0Students:\u00a0 A\u00a0Cluster\u2010Randomized\u00a0Controlled\u00a0Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaozhao","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Tie Yi High School, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangyan","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Allen, L., Benoist, B.D., Dary, O., and Hurrell, R. 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