{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T02:33:28Z","timestamp":1789785208567,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,3]],"date-time":"2017-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81603112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81603112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81501098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81501098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Young Researcher Foundation of China Medical University","award":["XZR20160029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XZR20160029"]}]},{"name":"Program for Ministry of national science and technology create significant new drugs","award":["2014ZX09201002-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014ZX09201002-004"]}]},{"name":"grants from Program for Liaoning Innovation Research Team in University","award":["LT2014016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LT2014016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Manganese (Mn) is one of the most studied environmental heavy metals linked to Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether serum Mn levels are associated with AD and mild cognition impairment (MCI, a prodromal stage of AD). We conducted a metaanalysis to analyze the serum Mn levels in patients with AD and MCI. A systematic database search of PubMed, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) identified 17 studies, including 836 cases and 1254 health controls (HC). Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis showed that patients with AD had significantly reduced serum Mn levels compared with HC subjects (SMD = \u22120.39; 95% CI (\u22120.71, \u22120.08); p = 0.015). MCI individuals had a tendency toward reduced serum Mn levels compared with HC subjects (SMD = \u22120.31; 95% CI (\u22120.70, 0.08); p = 0.117). A significant decrease in serum Mn levels was found in patients with cognitive impairment (including both AD patients and MCI patients) (SMD = \u22120.37, 95% CI (\u22120.60; \u22120.13); p = 0.002). Finally, no significant differences were observed between AD and MCI patients in serum levels (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI (\u22120.23, 0.72); p = 0.310). Our findings show that the serum Mn levels are lower in AD patients, and Mn deficiency may be a risk factor for AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,3]],"date-time":"2017-03-03T11:30:04Z","timestamp":1488540604000},"page":"231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Association\u00a0of\u00a0Serum\u00a0Manganese\u00a0Levels\u00a0with\u00a0 Alzheimer\u2019s\u00a0Disease\u00a0and\u00a0Mild\u00a0Cognitive\u00a0Impairment:\u00a0 A\u00a0Systematic\u00a0Review\u00a0and\u00a0Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4688-3016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanzhu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjie","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti\u2010Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5284.99","article-title":"Correlative memory deficits, abeta elevation, and amyloid plaques in transgenic mice","volume":"274","author":"Hsiao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04533","article-title":"A specific amyloid-beta protein assembly in the brain impairs memory","volume":"440","author":"Lesne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2005.09.018","article-title":"Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: From pharmacology to a better understanding of disease pathophysiology","volume":"127","author":"Silvestrelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mech. 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