{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:34:30Z","timestamp":1784306070211,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,14]],"date-time":"2017-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epidemiological studies have examined the effect of coffee intake on cardiovascular disease, but the benefits and risks for the cardiovascular system remain controversial. Our objective was to evaluate the association between coffee consumption and its polyphenols on cardiovascular risk factors. Data came from the \u201cHealth Survey of S\u00e3o Paulo (ISA-Capital)\u201d among 557 individuals, in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Diet was assessed by two 24-h dietary recalls. Coffee consumption was categorized into &lt;1, 1\u20133, and \u22653 cups\/day. Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching food consumption data with the Phenol-Explorer database. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides, fasting glucose, and homocysteine) and usual coffee intake. The odds were lower among individuals who drank 1\u20133 cups of coffee\/day to elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.45; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 0.26, 0.78), elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.98), and hyperhomocysteinemia (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.93). Furthermore, significant inverse associations were also observed between moderate intake of coffee polyphenols and elevated SBP (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.87), elevated DBP (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.98), and hyperhomocysteinemia (OR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.78). In conclusion, coffee intake of 1\u20133 cups\/day and its polyphenols were associated with lower odds of elevated SBP, DBP, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Thus, the moderate consumption of coffee, a polyphenol-rich beverage, could exert a protective effect against some cardiovascular risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,14]],"date-time":"2017-03-14T11:53:52Z","timestamp":1489492432000},"page":"276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Association between Coffee Consumption and Its Polyphenols with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8500-0549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josiane","family":"Steluti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4490-9035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Fisberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirce","family":"Marchioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e29","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2015 update: A report from the American Heart Association","volume":"131","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2011). 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