{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T01:13:17Z","timestamp":1792285997782,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,18]],"date-time":"2017-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy in women, and fifth leading cause of death. Despite advances made in chemotherapy and surgery, the average time of clinical remission is approximately 2 years and the 5-year survival rate is 45%. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of a novel therapeutic approach to ovarian cancer treatment. We investigated the effect of a specific nutrient mixture (EPQ) containing ascorbic acid, lysine, proline, green tea extract, and quercetin on human ovarian cancer cell A-2780 in vivo and in vitro. Athymic female nude mice (n = 12) were all inoculated intraperitoneally (IP) with 2 \u00d7 106 cells in 0.1 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and randomly divided into two groups. Upon injection, the Control group (n = 6) was fed a regular diet and the EPQ group (n = 6) a regular diet supplemented with 0.5% EPQ. Four weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and tumors that developed in the ovary were excised, weighed, and processed for histology. Lungs were inspected for metastasis. In vitro, A-2780 cells were cultured in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics. At near confluence, cells were treated with EPQ in triplicate at concentrations between 0 and 1000 \u03bcg\/mL. Cell proliferation was measured via MTT assay, MMP-9 secretion via gelatinase zymography, invasion through Matrigel and morphology via hematoxylin and eosin (H &amp; E) staining. All Control mice developed large ovarian tumors, whereas 5 out of 6 mice in the EPQ group developed no tumors, and one, a small tumor. Control mice also showed lung metastasis in 6 out of 6 mice, while no lung metastasis was evident in EPQ mice. Zymography demonstrated only MMP-9 expression, which EPQ inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion, with virtual total block at 250 \u03bcg\/mL concentration. EPQ significantly inhibited invasion through Matrigel with total block at 250 \u03bcg\/mL concentration. MTT showed dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation with EPQ, and H &amp; E staining showed no morphological changes below 500 \u03bcg\/mL EPQ. These results suggest that EPQ has therapeutic potential in the treatment of ovarian cancer by significantly suppressing ovarian tumor incidence and growth and lung metastasis, and by inhibiting MMP-9 secretion and invasion of A-2780 ovarian cancer cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,20]],"date-time":"2017-03-20T11:39:09Z","timestamp":1490009949000},"page":"303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Specific Mixture of Nutrients Suppresses Ovarian Cancer A-2780 Tumor Incidence, Growth, and Metastasis to Lungs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mohd","family":"Roomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Rath Research Institute, Santa Clara, CA, 95050, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Kalinovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Rath Research Institute, Santa Clara, CA, 95050, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Rath Research Institute, Santa Clara, CA, 95050, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Niedzwiecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Rath Research Institute, Santa Clara, CA, 95050, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society: What Are the Key Statistics about Ovarian Cancer?. 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