{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T22:13:29Z","timestamp":1792880009108,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the early literature, vitamin C deficiency was associated with pneumonia. After its identification, a number of studies investigated the effects of vitamin C on diverse infections. A total of 148 animal studies indicated that vitamin C may alleviate or prevent infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. The most extensively studied human infection is the common cold. Vitamin C administration does not decrease the average incidence of colds in the general population, yet it halved the number of colds in physically active people. Regularly administered vitamin C has shortened the duration of colds, indicating a biological effect. However, the role of vitamin C in common cold treatment is unclear. Two controlled trials found a statistically significant dose\u2013response, for the duration of common cold symptoms, with up to 6\u20138 g\/day of vitamin C. Thus, the negative findings of some therapeutic common cold studies might be explained by the low doses of 3\u20134 g\/day of vitamin C. Three controlled trials found that vitamin C prevented pneumonia. Two controlled trials found a treatment benefit of vitamin C for pneumonia patients. One controlled trial reported treatment benefits for tetanus patients. The effects of vitamin C against infections should be investigated further.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9040339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T11:26:44Z","timestamp":1490786804000},"page":"339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":357,"title":["Vitamin C and Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4710-307X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harri","family":"Hemil\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hemil\u00e4, H. (2006). Do vitamins C and E affect Respiratory Infections?. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Helsinki]. 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