{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:25:29Z","timestamp":1790522729291,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]],"date-time":"2017-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scientific experts from nine countries gathered to share their views and experience around iron interventions in Africa. Inappropriate eating habits, infections and parasitism are responsible for significant prevalence of iron deficiency, but reliable and country-comparable prevalence estimates are lacking: improvements in biomarkers and cut-offs values adapted to context of use are needed. Benefits of iron interventions on growth and development are indisputable and outweigh risks, which exist in populations with a high infectious burden. Indeed, pathogen growth may increase with enhanced available iron, calling for caution and preventive measures where malaria or other infections are prevalent. Most African countries programmatically fortify flour and supplement pregnant women, while iron deficiency in young children is rather addressed at individual level. Coverage and efficacy could improve through increased access for target populations, raised awareness and lower cost. More bioavailable iron forms, helping to decrease iron dose, or prebiotics, which both may lower risk of infections are attractive opportunities for Africa. Fortifying specific food products could be a relevant route, adapted to local context and needs of population groups while providing education and training. More globally, partnerships involving various stakeholders are encouraged, that could tackle all aspects of the issue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9060576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T10:53:09Z","timestamp":1496746389000},"page":"576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Iron for Africa\u2014Report of an Expert Workshop"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Nutrition and Health Department, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamija","family":"Phiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Private Bag 360, Blantyre 8, Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelhak","family":"Abkari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan II University, Faculty of medicine, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mory","family":"Gban\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Institute (INSP) and Nutrition Society of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (SIN), Adjam\u00e9 BPV 47, Abidjan 01, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphaelle","family":"Bourdet-Sicard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Nutricia Research, route de la Vauve, Palaiseau 91120, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Braesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VAB-nutrition, rue Claude Danziger, Clermont-Ferrand 63100, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Schmelzbergstrasse, Zurich 78092, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Prentice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Unit The Gambia, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia &amp; MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2015.11.003","article-title":"Iron deficiency anemia: Problems in diagnosis and prevention at the population level","volume":"30","author":"Pasricha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hematol. 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