{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:31:36Z","timestamp":1791923496702,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Bio &amp; Medical Technology Development Program","award":["2012M3A9C3048687"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012M3A9C3048687"]}]},{"name":"The SRC program (Center for Food &amp; Nutritional Genomics Research)","award":["2015R1A5A6001906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015R1A5A6001906"]}]},{"name":"The Japan Health Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation is characterized by activation of microglia, which are resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and is implicated in the derangement of energy homeostasis, metabolic complications, and neurodegenerative diseases. Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, is known to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation-related metabolic complications. Here, we demonstrate that quercetin reduces obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation by inhibiting microglia-mediated inflammatory responses, and the beneficial action of quercetin is associated with heme oxygenase (HO-1) induction. Quercetin markedly reduced the production of inflammatory mediators (monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL-6), IL-1\u03b2, nitric oxide) by microglia stimulated with saturated fatty acid palmitate and\/or lipid-laden microglia-conditioned medium. Quercetin also upregulated the expression of HO-1 in palmitate-treated lipid-laden microglia, and the actions of quercetin against microglia activation accompanied by I\u03baB\u03b1 degradation were abolished by a HO-1 inhibitor. Moreover, quercetin supplementation reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and microglia activation markers in the hypothalamus of high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice, which was accompanied by upregulation of HO-1. These findings indicate that quercetin suppresses microglia-mediated inflammatory responses via the induction of HO-1, and hence protects against obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T08:16:18Z","timestamp":1498205778000},"page":"650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Quercetin Protects Obesity-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation by Reducing Microglia-Mediated Inflammatory Responses via HO-1 Induction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jihyeon","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chu-Sook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thai","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Seon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruo","family":"Kawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung-Sook","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9752-9407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taesun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-Kyung","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women\u2019s University, Seoul 04310, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 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Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung","family":"Back","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hun","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rina","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05485","article-title":"Inflammation and metabolic 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