{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:48:33Z","timestamp":1792144113720,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,19]],"date-time":"2017-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eating problems in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) can be divided into two groups. The first includes the diagnosed eating disorders (EDs), i.e., diseases specifically identified by defined signs and symptoms for which a degree of severity has been established, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, pica, and rumination. The second is the group of disordered eating symptoms (DES), which include behaviors such as dieting for weight loss, binge eating, self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, and laxative or diuretic use; these behaviors cannot be categorized as complete diseases, and, although apparently mild, they must be closely evaluated because they can evolve into true EDs. In this review, present knowledge about the clinical relevance of EDs and DES and the possible preventive and therapeutic measures used to reduce their impact on the course of T1D will be discussed. As adolescents with diabetes are at higher risk of eating disturbances and consequently for higher rates of disease complications, care providers should pay attention to clinical warning signs that raise suspicion of disturbed eating to refer these patients early to an expert in nutrition and mental health disorders. To ensure the best care for adolescents with T1D, diabetes teams should be multidisciplinary and include a pediatric diabetologist, a skilled nurse, a dietician, and a psychologist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,21]],"date-time":"2017-08-21T11:10:51Z","timestamp":1503313851000},"page":"906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating Symptoms in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Giada","family":"Toni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Berioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cerquiglini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Ceccarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Grohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Principi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4103-2837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1833-0","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes in the young: The harvest of sorrow goes on","volume":"48","author":"Gale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60765-5","article-title":"Time trends in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in Finnish children: A cohort study","volume":"371","author":"Harjutsalo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60591-7","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Atkinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0144","article-title":"Current concepts on the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes\u2014Considerations for attempts to prevent and reverse the disease","volume":"38","author":"Atkinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i3.517","article-title":"Eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Challenges in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"6","author":"Hamiel","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association. [5th ed.].","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22091","article-title":"Incorporating dimensions into the classification of eating disorders: Three models and their implications for research and clinical practice","volume":"46","author":"Wildes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2156","article-title":"DPV Initiative, German BMBF Competence Network Diabetes Mellitus. Clinical characteristics and outcome of 467 patients with a clinically recognized eating disorder identified among 52,215 patients with type 1 diabetes: A multicenter German\/Austrian study","volume":"37","author":"Scheuing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199706263362601","article-title":"Disordered eating behavior and microvascular complications in young women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"336","author":"Rydall","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.12.1956","article-title":"Eating habits, body weight, and insulin misuse. A longitudinal study of teenagers and young adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Bryden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.2.309","article-title":"Mortality in concurrent type 1 diabetes and anorexia nervosa","volume":"25","author":"Nielsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association (2013). Standards of medical care in diabetes\u20142013. Diabetes Care, 35, S11\u2013S66.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-S011"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7249.1563","article-title":"Eating disorders in adolescent females with and without type 1 diabetes: Cross-sectional study","volume":"320","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.7.1654","article-title":"Disturbed eating behavior and eating disorders in preteen and early teenage girls with type 1 diabetes: A case-controlled study","volume":"27","author":"Colton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2005.07.001","article-title":"Disordered eating behaviors among Turkish adolescents with and without type 1 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Pinar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2007.08.008","article-title":"Do chronic medical conditions increase the risk of eating disorder? A cross-sectional investigation of eating pathology in adolescent females with scoliosis and diabetes","volume":"42","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00480.x","article-title":"Higher drive for thinness in adolescent males with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus compared with healthy controls","volume":"92","author":"Svensson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1999.tb01078.x","article-title":"Eating disorders in adolescent girls with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: A population-based case\u2013control study","volume":"88","author":"Engstrom","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2008.00422.x","article-title":"Disturbed eating behaviors in Taiwanese adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A comparative study","volume":"10","author":"Hsu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"690","article-title":"Eating disorders in young adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"122","author":"Gussinyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Clin."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper, M.N., Lin, A., Alvares, G.A., de Klerk, N.H., Jones, T.W., and Davis, E.A. (2016). Psychiatric disorders during early adulthood in those with childhood onset type 1 diabetes: Rates and clinical risk factors from population-based follow-up. Pediatr. Diabetes.","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12469"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03771.x","article-title":"Eating problems in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Young","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabet Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1890","article-title":"Brief screening tool for disordered eating in diabetes: Internal consistency and external validity in a contemporary sample of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Markowitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1077","article-title":"Disordered eating behavior in individuals with diabetes: Importance of context, evaluation, and classification","volume":"33","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347221","article-title":"Eating disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Mannucci","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22270","article-title":"Development and predictive effects of eating disorder risk factors during adolescence: Implications for prevention efforts","volume":"48","author":"Rohde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-013-0418-4","article-title":"Eating disorders and disordered eating in type 1 diabetes: Prevalence, screening, and treatment options","volume":"13","author":"Hanlan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Youth risk behavior surveillance\u2014United States, 2011","volume":"61","author":"Eaton","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill. Summ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2010.00708.x","article-title":"The relationship between the age of onset of type 1 diabetes and the subsequent development of a severe eating disorder by female patients","volume":"12","author":"Takii","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.8.1289","article-title":"Weight control practices and disordered eating behaviors among adolescent females and males with type 1 diabetes: Associations with sociodemographics, weight concerns, familial factors, and metabolic outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Patterson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010000169","article-title":"Family meals and adolescents: What have we learned from Project EAT (Eating among Teens)?","volume":"13","author":"Larson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wisting, L., Bang, L., Skrivarhaug, T., Dahl-J\u00f8rgensen, K., and R\u00f8, \u00d8. (2015). Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes\u2014The impact of gender, age, and health-related functioning on eating disorder psychopathology. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141386"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721705279049","article-title":"Disordered eating behaviors in youth with type 1 diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Kelly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2012.0182","article-title":"Perkins BA. Point accuracy of interstitial continuous glucose monitoring during exercise in type 1 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Yardley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s005920050140","article-title":"Eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"Verrotti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2006.00686.x","article-title":"Insulin-associated weight gain in diabetes\u2014Causes, effects and coping strategies","volume":"9","author":"Khan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2003.01055.x","article-title":"Body composition in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Ingberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.06.359","article-title":"Disordered eating behaviors are associated with poorer diet quality in adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"112","author":"Tse","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1973.03220360051028","article-title":"Eating disorders: obesity, anorexia nervosa, and the person within","volume":"225","author":"Callaway","year":"1973","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1348\/147608309X481180","article-title":"Characteristics of self-regulation in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes with and without eating disorders: A cross-sectional study","volume":"83","author":"Grylli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2015.09.011","article-title":"Eating-disordered behaviour in adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"40","author":"Barros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199412)16:4<363::AID-EAT2260160405>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"The assessment of eating disorders: Interview or self report questionnaire?","volume":"16","author":"Fairburn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.19.4.359","article-title":"Is the social physique anxiety scale really multidimensional? Conceptual and statistical arguments for a unidimensional model","volume":"19","author":"Martin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"109","article-title":"Contributos para avalida\u00e7\u00e3o da escala de autoestima de Rosenberg numa amostra de adolescentes da regi\u00e3o norte do pa\u00eds","volume":"8","author":"Romano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psicol. Sa\u00fade Doen\u00e7as"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/014572179101700219","article-title":"A modified quality of life measure for youth: Psychometric properties","volume":"17","author":"Ingersoll","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000116","article-title":"Associations of disordered eating behavior with the family diabetes environment in adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Caccavale","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702007213","article-title":"Eating disturbances in girls with diabetes: The contribution of adolescent self-concept, maternal weight and shape concerns and mother-daughter relationships","volume":"33","author":"Maharaj","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2013.808750","article-title":"Developmental challenges of adolescents with type 1 diabetes: The role of eating attitudes, family support and fear of negative evaluation","volume":"19","author":"Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.19","article-title":"Examination of shared risk and protective factors for overweight and disordered eating among adolescents","volume":"164","author":"Haines","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3382","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0431","article-title":"Disturbed eating behavior and omission of insulin in adolescents receiving intensified insulin treatment: A nationwide population-based study","volume":"36","author":"Wisting","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22138","article-title":"Detecting intentional insulin omission for weight loss in girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"46","author":"Hamiel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2011.00759.x","article-title":"Prevalence of intentional under- and overdosing of insulin in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Schober","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-010-9207-4","article-title":"Validating the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3): A comparison between 561 female eating disorders patients and 878 females from the general population","volume":"33","author":"Clausen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2015.0180","article-title":"Insulin pumps in type 1 diabetes with mental disorders: Real-life clinical data indicate discrepancies to recommendations","volume":"18","author":"Prinz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1637","article-title":"The mSCOFF for screening disordered eating in pediatric type 1 diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Zuijdwijk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02844.x","article-title":"Self-reported history of overweight and its relationship to disordered eating in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Markowitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.10.006","article-title":"Service utilization for lifetime mental disorders in US adolescents: Results of the National Comorbidity Survey\u2014Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A)","volume":"50","author":"Merikangas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2008.00448.x","article-title":"A multisite trial of a clinic-integrated intervention for promoting family management of pediatric type 1 diabetes: Feasibility and design","volume":"10","author":"Nansel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Dietetic Association (2011). Position of the American Dietetic Association: Nutrition intervention in the treatment of eating disorders. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 111, 1236\u20131241.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2011.06.016"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2013.0008","article-title":"Disordered eating behaviors in youth with type 1 diabetes: Prospective pilot assessment following initiation of insulin pump therapy","volume":"15","author":"Markowitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol. Ther."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/9\/8\/906\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:42:47Z","timestamp":1760208167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/9\/8\/906"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,19]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["nu9080906"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9080906","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,19]]}}}