{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:32:20Z","timestamp":1790566340964,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,23]],"date-time":"2017-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to assess the association of various types of nut per se, and total nut consumption with the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). A 6.2 \u00b1 0.7-year population-based prospective study was conducted among 1265 adults, aged 19\u201374 years, participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. A 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information on nut consumption. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement guidelines and 276 new cases of MetS were identified. Median \u00b1 interquartile range of nut consumption was 2.08 (0.88\u20135.68) servings\/week. After adjusting for family history of diabetes, age, gender, smoking, physical activity, fasting serum glucose at baseline, serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) at baseline, energy intake, fiber, macronutrients, cholesterol intake, fruit, vegetables, dairy products and body mass index (BMI), a statistically significant decrease was observed in MetS in the third (\u22655 servings\/week) tertile of nuts (odds ratio: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.44\u20130.91, p trend: 0.03) compared with the lowest (\u22641 serving\/week). Walnut consumption showed a significant, inverse association with MetS risk; associations for other nut varieties were not significant. For each additional serving\/week of walnuts consumed, incidence of MetS decreased by 3% (ORs: 0.97 CI: 0.93\u20130.99), after adjusting for confounding factors. Total nut consumption, especially walnuts, reduces the risk of MetS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9101056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T04:28:01Z","timestamp":1506400081000},"page":"1056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Prospective Study of Nut Consumption and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Hosseinpour-Niazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvin","family":"Mirmiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fereidoun","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943162","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/943162","article-title":"A comprehensive review on metabolic syndrome","volume":"2014","author":"Kaur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiol. 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