{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:26:57Z","timestamp":1792222017994,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the status and intake of iron, vitamin A, iodine, folate and zinc in women of reproductive age (WRA) (\u226515\u201349 years) and pregnant women (PW) in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa. National and subnational data published between 2005 and 2015 were searched via Medline, Scopus and national public health websites. Per micronutrient, relevant data were pooled into an average prevalence of deficiency, weighted by sample size (WAVG). Inadequate intakes were estimated from mean (SD) intakes. This review included 65 surveys and studies from Ethiopia (21), Kenya (11), Nigeria (21) and South Africa (12). In WRA, WAVG prevalence of anaemia ranged from 18\u201351%, iron deficiency 9\u201318%, and iron deficiency anaemia at 10%. In PW, the prevalence was higher, and ranged from 32\u201362%, 19\u201361%, and 9\u201347%, respectively. In WRA, prevalence of vitamin A, iodine, zinc and folate deficiencies ranged from 4\u201322%, 22\u201355%, 34% and 46%, while in PW these ranged from 21\u201348%, 87%, 46\u201376% and 3\u201312% respectively. Inadequate intakes of these micronutrients are high and corresponded with the prevalence figures. Our findings indicate that nationally representative data are needed to guide the development of nutrition interventions and public health programs, such as dietary diversification, micronutrient fortification and supplementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9101096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T12:38:32Z","timestamp":1507207112000},"page":"1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Micronutrient Status and Dietary Intake of Iron, Vitamin A, Iodine, Folate and Zinc in Women of Reproductive Age and Pregnant Women in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa: A Systematic Review of Data from 2005 to 2015"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rajwinder","family":"Harika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever Research & Development, Vlaardingen, 3130 AC, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieke","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 19070, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Folake","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Kimiywe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Human Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi 43844-00100, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afework","family":"Mulugeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle 1871, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ans","family":"Eilander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever Research & Development, Vlaardingen, 3130 AC, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60937-X","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"382","author":"Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7010153","article-title":"A review of the impact of dietary intakes in human pregnancy on infant birthweight","volume":"7","author":"Grieger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1159\/000337421","article-title":"Global burden and significance of multiple micronutrient deficiencies in pregnancy","volume":"70","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nestle Nutr. 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