{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T10:04:40Z","timestamp":1787911480002,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,14]],"date-time":"2017-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Francis Family Foundation, Parker B. Francis Fellowship in Pulmonary Research","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]},{"name":"US National Institutes of Health","award":["U19 AI076217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI076217"]}]},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Department of Global Health and Social Medicine","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tools to assess intake among children in Latin America are limited. We developed and assessed the reproducibility and validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administered to children, adolescents, and their caregivers in Lima, Peru. We conducted 24-h diet recalls (DRs) and focus groups to develop a locally-tailored FFQ prototype for children aged 0\u201314 years. To validate the FFQ, we administered two FFQs and three DRs to children and\/or their caregivers (N = 120) over six months. We examined FFQ reproducibility by quartile agreement and Pearson correlation coefficients, and validity by quartile agreement and correlation with DRs. For reproducibility, quartile agreement ranged from 60\u201377% with correlations highest for vitamins A and C (0.31). Age-adjusted correlations for the mean DR and the second-administered FFQ were highest in the 0\u20137 age group, in which the majority of caregivers completed the FFQ on behalf of the child (total fat; 0.67) and in the 8\u201314 age group, in which both the child and caregiver completed the FFQ together (calcium, niacin; 0.54); correlations were &lt;0.10 for most nutrients in the 8\u201314 age group in which the caregiver completed the FFQ on the child\u2019s behalf. The FFQ was reproducible and the first developed and validated to assess various nutrients in children and adolescents in Peru.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9101121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,16]],"date-time":"2017-10-16T11:11:09Z","timestamp":1508152269000},"page":"1121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Development and Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Estimate Intake among Children and Adolescents in Urban Peru"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Carly","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Villamor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Zavaleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Nutricional, Ave La Molina 1885, La Molina, Lima 12, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graciela","family":"Respicio-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Nutricional, Ave La Molina 1885, La Molina, Lima 12, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Ave Merino Reyna 575, Carabayllo, Lima 6, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Perea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Ave Merino Reyna 575, Carabayllo, Lima 6, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Ave Merino Reyna 575, Carabayllo, Lima 6, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Tintaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Ave Merino Reyna 575, Carabayllo, Lima 6, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Lecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Ave Merino Reyna 575, Carabayllo, Lima 6, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13779-8","article-title":"Where and why are 10 million children dying every year?","volume":"361","author":"Black","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.067744","article-title":"Nutrition research to affect food and a healthy life span","volume":"98","author":"Ohlhorst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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