{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:00:37Z","timestamp":1782914437707,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]],"date-time":"2017-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Functional regurgitation (FR) is common in early infancy and represents a major drain on healthcare resources. This double-blind, randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a formula containing partially hydrolysed, 100% whey protein, starch and Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938) on gastric emptying rate (GErate) and regurgitation frequency in infants with FR. Enrolled infants were randomly allocated to receive either the test formula or a standard starter formula for four weeks. Ultrasound GErate assessment was performed at baseline (week 0) and at week 4; the number of regurgitations, feed volumes and potential adverse events were recorded in a daily diary. Eighty infants aged four weeks to five months were enrolled; 72 (test group = 37; control group = 35) completed the study. Compared to controls, the test group showed greater percentage changes in GErate (12.3% vs. 9.1%, p &lt; 0.01). Mean daily regurgitations decreased from 7.4 (0.8) at week 0 to 2.6 (1.0) at week 4 in the test group and from 7.5 (1.0) to 5.3 (1.0) in controls (between-group difference, p &lt; 0.0001). Compared to a standard formula, a starch-thickened partially hydrolysed whey protein formula supplemented with Lactobacillus reuteri is more effective in decreasing the frequency of regurgitation and improving GErate, and can be of benefit to infants with FR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9111181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T12:16:23Z","timestamp":1509365783000},"page":"1181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effect of a Partially Hydrolysed Whey Infant Formula Supplemented with Starch and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 on Regurgitation and Gastric Motility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1800-4830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Indrio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Riezzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS Saverio de Bellis, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7762-3500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ficarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Miolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2078-7114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Corvaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruggiero","family":"Francavilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.129","article-title":"A global, evidence-based consensus on the definition of gastroesophageal reflux disease in the pediatric population","volume":"104","author":"Sherman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1997.02170430035007","article-title":"Prevalence of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux during infancy: A pediatric practice-based survey. 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