{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T20:16:07Z","timestamp":1773260167380,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]],"date-time":"2017-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) is well known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. In our previous study, we found that skullcap could inhibit allergen permeation and regulate Th1\/2 immune balance. To reveal the key fractions and components of skullcap, we fractionated skullcap extract into five fractions: hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water fraction. Among these fractions, the hexane fraction significantly suppressed the production of Th2-mediated cytokines (Interleukin (IL)-4, 5, 10 and 13) and increased Th1-mediated cytokines (Interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 and IL-12). Furthermore, the hexane fraction inhibited the permeation of ovalbumin (OVA), used as an allergen, across the intestinal epithelial cell monolayer. To confirm the active compounds in the hexane fraction, fatty acids were analyzed. Linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 (&gt;59.7%)) was identified as the most important fatty acid in the skullcap hexane fraction. LA significantly suppressed IL-4 production and increased IFN-\u03b3 secretion, as well as inhibiting OVA permeation. Thus, LA significantly diminished the permeation of allergen by enhancing intestinal barrier function and regulated allergic responses to maintain Th1\/Th2 immune balance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9111184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T12:16:23Z","timestamp":1509365783000},"page":"1184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Skullcap (Scutellaria Baicalensis) Hexane Fraction Inhibits the Permeation of Ovalbumin and Regulates Th1\/2 Immune Responses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5280-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hye-Jeong","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Da-Ae","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Ryong","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Hwa","family":"Shon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0942-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2008.09.005","article-title":"New therapeutic aspects of flavones: The anticancer properties of cutellaria and its main active constituents Wogonin, Baicalein and Baicalin","volume":"35","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. 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