{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:46:17Z","timestamp":1791117977939,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Ministry of Science and Technology Key Research and Development Plan","award":["2016YFD0400604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFD0400604"]}]},{"name":"Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Malaysia","award":["PORTSIM 040\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PORTSIM 040\/2015"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University","award":["2242016K40024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2242016K40024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Red palm oil (RPO) has been investigated for preventing or alleviating vitamin A deficiency (VAD). Previous data has offered inconclusive and inconsistent results about the effects of RPO in patients with VAD. Our objective was to undertake a meta-analysis to assess the effects of RPO in preventing VAD in the population. After conducting a comprehensive literature search, nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Overall, when trial results were pooled, the results indicated that RPO reduced the risk of VAD (relative risk (RR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 0.55 (0.37, 0.82), p = 0.003), increasedserum retinol levels in both children (p &lt; 0.00001) and adults (p = 0.002), and increased \u03b2-carotene levels (p = 0.01). However, RPO supplementation did not have a significant overall effect on serum \u03b1-carotene levels (p = 0.06), body weight (p = 0.45), and haemoglobin levels (p = 0.72). The results also showed that low level of PRO intake (\u22648 g RPO) could increase serum retinol concentrations whereas PRO intake above 8 g did not lead to further increase of serum retinol concentrations. This meta-analysis demonstrated that RPO might be effective for preventing or alleviating VAD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T06:39:25Z","timestamp":1511505565000},"page":"1281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The Effect of Red Palm Oil on Vitamin A Deficiency: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shunan","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiju","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60937-X","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"382","author":"Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"WHO (2009). 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