{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:00:24Z","timestamp":1787029224995,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The consumption of supplements based on dairy or plant proteins may be associated with bioactive potential, including angiotensin-1-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE-1i) activity, which is linked with blood pressure reduction in vivo. To gain insight into this proposed mechanism, the ACE-1i potential of protein-based supplements, including a selection of dairy (n = 10) and plant (n = 5) proteins were in vitro digested. The total digest was filtered and permeate and retentate were obtained. ACE-1i activity was measured as the ability of proteins (pre-digestion, \u2018gastric\u2019, permeate, and retentate) to decrease the hydrolysis of furanacroloyl-Phe-Glu-Glu (FAPGG) substrate for the ACE-1 enzyme. Permeate and retentate of dairy proteins exerted a significantly higher ACE-1i activity (mean of 10 proteins: 27.05 \u00b1 0.2% and 20.7 \u00b1 0.2%, respectively) compared with pre-digestion dairy proteins (16.7 \u00b1 0.3%). Plant protein exhibited high ACE-1i in \u2018gastric\u2019 and retentate fractions (mean of five proteins: 54.9 \u00b1 0.6% and 35.7 \u00b1 0.6%, respectively). The comparison of the in vitro ACE-1i activity of dairy and plant proteins could provide valuable knowledge regarding their specific bioactivities, which could inform their use in the formulation of specific functional supplements that would require testing for blood pressure control in human randomly-controlled studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]],"date-time":"2017-12-14T04:30:55Z","timestamp":1513225855000},"page":"1352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Short-Communication: A Comparison of the In Vitro Angiotensin-1-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Capacity of Dairy and Plant Protein Supplements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3717-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlotta","family":"Giromini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste, 2, 20134 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UK"},{"name":"Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Givens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Baldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste, 2, 20134 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7633-9455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Lovegrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UK"},{"name":"Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731110001503","article-title":"Milk and meat in our diet: Good or bad for health?","volume":"4","author":"Givens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422413000139","article-title":"The impact of milk proteins and peptides on blood pressure and vascular function: A review of evidence from human intervention studies","volume":"26","author":"Fekete","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Schwenke, K.D., and Mothes, R. (1993). 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