{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:45:57Z","timestamp":1788259557468,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,17]],"date-time":"2017-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u2018Establishing infrastructure for studies concerning health state of the population of Poland\u2019","award":["PNRF-228- AI-1\/07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRF-228- AI-1\/07"]}]},{"name":"The Ministry of Science and Higher Education funds within financing statutory activity for Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University","award":["615507.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["615507.00"]}]},{"name":"The Ministry of Science and Higher Education funds within financing statutory activity for Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University","award":["615501.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["615501.00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In several populations the associations between diet and the risk of metabolic syndrome have not been fully examined yet. The aim of the study is to identify the main dietary patterns among Polish adults and the evaluation of the relationships of these patterns with metabolic syndrome and its components. The study was conducted on a group of 7997 participants, aged between 37 and 66 years old. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation. Three dietary patterns were identified and designated as: \u201cHealthy\u201d, \u201cWesternized\u201d and \u201cTraditional-carbohydrate\u201d. In the adjusted model, a higher score in the \u201cWesternized\u201d pattern aligns with a higher risk of abnormal glucose concentration (ptrend = 0.000), but with a lower risk of abnormal High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol HDL-cholesterol concentration (ptrend = 0.024). Higher scores in the \u201cTraditional-carbohydrate\u201d pattern were connected with the risk of abdominal obesity (ptrend = 0.001) and increased triglycerides concentration (ptrend = 0.050). Our results suggest that adherence to the \u201cTraditional-carbohydrate\u201d dietary pattern, characterized by higher intakes of refined grains, potatoes, sugar and sweets is associated with a higher risk of abdominal obesity and triglyceridemia. A \u201cWesternized\u201d dietary pattern on the other hand, is related to hyperglycemia. The study results can be used for community-based health promotion and intervention programs to prevent or better manage chronic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T04:04:15Z","timestamp":1513656255000},"page":"1366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Dietary Patterns in Relation to Metabolic Syndrome among Adults in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3063-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"Suliga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of the Prevention of Alimentary Tract Diseases, The Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, ul. IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc 19, 25-317 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8114-1814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Kozie\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing with the Scientific Research Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, ul. IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc 19, 25-317 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Cie\u015bla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Developmental Age Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, ul. IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc 19, 25-317 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"R\u0119bak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing with the Scientific Research Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, ul. IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc 19, 25-317 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7752-0459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"G\u0142uszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing with the Scientific Research Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, ul. IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc 19, 25-317 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.21.2709","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men","volume":"288","author":"Lakka","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl524","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome predicts cardiovascular mortality: A 13-year follow-up study in elderly non-diabetic Finns","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. 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