{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:55:37Z","timestamp":1777917337598,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nursing Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obstetric violence refers to dehumanized or derogative treatment of women in their pregnancy, childbirth or postpartum periods and may be manifested in different ways. Currently, there is no tool validated in Spain to measure women\u2019s perception of obstetric violence. The objective of this study was to carry out the cultural adaptation and validation of an existing 14-item obstetric violence scale in the Spanish context and to evaluate its psychometric properties. The research was conducted in two phases: first, a methodological study designed to evaluate content validity, through assessments by eight experts (calculating the Aiken V coefficient) and face validity in a sample of 20 women; second, a cross-sectional study to evaluate construct validity (through confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis), divergent validity against a scale of birth satisfaction, known-groups validity and, finally, reliability. In Phase 1, Aiken V values higher than 0.71 were obtained for all items. Phase 2 was conducted on a sample of 256 women and the fit values for the unidimensional model were RMSEA: 0.070 (95% CI: 0.059\u20130.105) and GFI: 0.982 (95% CI: 0.823\u20130.990). The Rasch analysis indicated poor performance of item 2, which was removed. The Omega and Cronbach\u2019s Alpha coefficients were 0.863 and 0.860, respectively. A final 13-item version of the Obstetric Violence Scale was produced, with a total score ranging from 0 (no obstetric violence perception) to 52 (maximum obstetric violence perception). The Obstetric Violence Scale is a reliable and useful tool to measure women\u2019s perception of obstetric violence. This study was not registered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep13040115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T07:28:29Z","timestamp":1696318109000},"page":"1368-1387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cultural Adaptation, Validation and Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of an Obstetric Violence Scale in the Spanish Context"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1774-4260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-de la Torre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edificio Ciencias de la Salud, C\/Blas Cabrera Felipe s\/n, CP 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"},{"name":"Research Support Unit of Insular Maternal and Child University Hospital Complex of Gran Canaria, Canary Health Service, Avda Mar\u00edtima del Sur s\/n, CP 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula Nikola","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Artero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Insular Maternal and Child University Hospital Complex of Gran Canaria-Canary Health Service, Avda Mar\u00edtima del Sur s\/n, CP 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Mu\u00f1oz de Le\u00f3n-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Insular Maternal and Child University Hospital Complex of Gran Canaria-Canary Health Service, Avda Mar\u00edtima del Sur s\/n, CP 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Reyes","family":"Lancha-de la Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delivery Room Service, General Hospital of Fuerteventura Virgen de la Pe\u00f1a-Canary Health Service, Carretera del Aeropuerto, Km 1, CP 35600 Puerto del Rosario, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8307-7323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Verd\u00fa-Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine, Public Health and History of Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante (UA), CP 03690 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mena-Tudela, D., Iglesias-Cas\u00e1s, S., Gonz\u00e1lez-Chord\u00e1, V.M., Cervera-Gasch, \u00c1., Andreu-Pej\u00f3, L., and Valero-Chilleron, M.J. 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