{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:01:27Z","timestamp":1791892887457,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de las Mujeres, Ministerio de Igualdad (Spain)","award":["PAC22-20\/2ACT\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAC22-20\/2ACT\/22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nursing Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Postpartum depression (PPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) continue to be prevalent, and disabling women with mental disorders and obstetric violence (OV) may be a trigger for them, particularly during maternity. We aimed to analyze the association between manifestations of OV with the development of PPD and PTSD during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. This systematic review was based on the PRISMA 2020 statement and explored original articles published between 2012 and 2022. A total of 21 articles were included in the analysis, and bias was assessed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project\u2019s Quality Assessment Tool. The highest rate of PPD symptoms appeared in women under 20 years old, multiparous, and with low education levels. The higher PTSD ratio was present in women under 35 years, primiparous, and with secondary studies. The mode of labor (instrumental or C-section) was identified as a major risk factor of PPD, being mediator variables of the informal coercion of health professionals and dissatisfaction with newborn healthcare. Instead, partner support during labor and high satisfaction with healthcare during birth were protective factors. Regarding PTSD, the mode of labor, several perineal tears, and the Kristeller technique were risk factors, and loss of autonomy and coercion modulated PTSD symptomatology. The protective factors for PTSD were respect for the labor plan, adequate communication with health professionals, social support during labor, and the skin-to-skin procedure. This systematic review provides evidence that OV contributes to PPD and PTSD, being important in developing standardized tools to prevent it. This study recommends changes in maternal healthcare policies, such as individualized healthcare assistance, humanized pregnancy protocols, and women\u2019s mental health follow-up, and improvements in the methodological quality of future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep13040130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T11:51:43Z","timestamp":1698839503000},"page":"1553-1576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Factors Associated with Obstetric Violence Implicated in the Development of Postpartum Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1931-2720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia Susana","family":"Silva-Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological & Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, C\/Ivan Pavlov 6, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"de la Calle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetric and Gynecology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia M.","family":"Arribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, C\/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Estudios de la Mujer (IUEM), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, C\/Francisco Tom\u00e1s y Valiente 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Garrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological & Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, C\/Ivan Pavlov 6, 28049 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Estudios de la Mujer (IUEM), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, C\/Francisco Tom\u00e1s y Valiente 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7442-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Ramiro-Cortijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, C\/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Estudios de la Mujer (IUEM), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, C\/Francisco Tom\u00e1s y Valiente 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2023, August 16). 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