{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T11:32:59Z","timestamp":1782127979496,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland","award":["SUBZ.L030.25.052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.L030.25.052"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nursing Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Arterial hypertension (HT) is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, often contributing to prolonged lengths of hospital stay (LOHS), which place significant strain on healthcare systems. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with prolonged lengths of hospital stay in patients with HT, focusing on key biochemical and clinical predictors. Methods: This retrospective study included 356 adult patients hospitalized in the Cardiology Department of the University Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland, between January 2017 and June 2021. Data collected included demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, and laboratory parameters. Logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of prolonged LOHS, defined as four or more days, and to evaluate interactions between variables. Results: Lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and elevated concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were identified as significant predictors of prolonged LOHS, with each 1 mg\/dL decrease in LDL-c increasing the odds of prolonged LOHS by 1.21% (p &lt; 0.001) and each 1 mg\/L increase in hsCRP raising the odds by 3.80% (p = 0.004). An interaction between sex and heart failure (HF) was also observed. Female patients with HF had 3.995-fold higher odds of prolonged LOHS compared to females without HF (p &lt; 0.001), while no significant difference was found among male patients with or without HF (p = 0.890). Conclusions: The predictors of prolonged LOHS in patients with HT include lower levels of LDL-c, elevated hsCRP, and the interaction between sex and heart failure (HF). Specifically, female patients with HF demonstrated significantly higher odds of prolonged LOHS compared to females without HF, while this relationship was not observed in male patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep15030110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T06:10:53Z","timestamp":1742364653000},"page":"110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prolonged Hospital Stay in Hypertensive Patients: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and Interactions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8073-6664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Surma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4245-5420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Czapla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Group of Research in Care (GRUPAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5452-0210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabella","family":"Uchmanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Health, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4DN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3597-2048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Ju\u00e1rez-Vela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Research in Care (GRUPAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7798-3138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Pietrzykowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Health Promotion, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9387-4158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz","family":"Uchmanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0167-1618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Le\u015bkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0662-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Griesmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5939-351X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Burzy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1427-4796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Smereka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7624-631X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Lewandowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2","article-title":"The Global Epidemiology of Hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Mills","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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