{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T10:54:12Z","timestamp":1764327252010,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nursing Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Vital signs monitoring during blood transfusion is important but inconsistently practiced across contexts. This paper aimed to consolidate the available evidence to determine the optimal monitoring frequency that balances efficiency and safety in clinical practice. Methods: Evidence was gathered through a literature review, review of international guidelines, investigation of local practices and analysis of study institution\u2019s retrospective data on transfusion reaction patterns. Expert opinions were consulted on the proposed changes, prior to the pilot feasibility study. Results: The majority of the reviewed guidelines and practices monitored vital signs at three time-points: before transfusion, 15 min after initiation and upon completion. However, study hospital data revealed that transfusion reactions predominantly occurred within the first two hours, particularly among males aged 50\u201370 who received red packed cells in the oncology wards and had abnormal pre-transfusion vital signs. Thus, the original 10-point frequency practiced by the study hospital was modified to seven time-points instead of the widely adopted three time-points: prior to blood transfusion; 15 min after commencement; 30 min at the forty-fifth minute; hourly thereafter until completion; and within 1 h post-transfusion. Conclusions: Despite existing guidelines recommending only three vital signs monitoring time-points, institutional data suggests that using seven time-points is optimal to minimize missed transfusion reactions while preventing an unnecessary workload, balancing patient safety and operational efficiency. These proposed revisions will be evaluated through an upcoming pilot trial to assess their feasibility and the impact on patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep15120421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T09:56:02Z","timestamp":1764323762000},"page":"421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing Monitoring Frequency During Blood Transfusions: A Review of Guidelines and a Retrospective Cohort to Define a 7-Point Schedule"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3005-3088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siti Zubaidah","family":"Mordiffi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"JBI Singapore National University Hospital Nursing Centre, Singapore 119074, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su Wei","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5119-8753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shir Ying","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119074, Singapore"},{"name":"Blood Transfusion Services, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4391-5803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Transfusion Services, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poh Chi","family":"Tho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"JBI Singapore National University Hospital Nursing Centre, Singapore 119074, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siew Ping","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JBI Singapore National University Hospital Nursing Centre, Singapore 119074, Singapore"},{"name":"Nursing Division, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119074, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seri Sastika","family":"Ramli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Division, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119074, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerrald","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ker Kan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore"},{"name":"Division of Surgical Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen Wei Ling","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cleveland Clinic (2025, April 24). 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