{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T06:12:32Z","timestamp":1773123152614,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01 NR016017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NR016017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nursing Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and their caregivers experience extensive physical, psychological, and social burdens and needs for resources. However, empirical evidence on patients\u2019 and caregivers\u2019 specific reported use of resources to help manage ESLD is lacking. Understanding the type and helpfulness of resources used could strengthen clinical care to address individual needs for resources. Aim: To examine and compare resources patients and caregivers identified as being most helpful in managing ESLD in relation to resources they felt would be helpful. Methods: Patients with ESLD and their caregivers responded in writing to two open-ended questions as part of a survey: (1) What resources have you found most helpful in dealing with patient\u2019s liver disease? and (2) What resources would be helpful in dealing with patient\u2019s liver disease? Conventional content analysis was used to identify resource categories. Results: A total of 192 patients and 198 caregivers completed surveys. We identified two major resource domains\u2014medical and non-medical\u2014and five categories within each. Analysis revealed participant group- and disease severity-based differences in helpful resources. Conclusions: Proactively engaging patients and caregivers early in the course of illness to identify relevant resources that might facilitate ability to manage ESLD. An interprofessional care approach would facilitate efforts supporting financial, social, spiritual, emotional, and mental health needs. Future longitudinal research of unique resource needs along the disease trajectory may help to develop effective interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep16030095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:16:03Z","timestamp":1773076563000},"page":"95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison Between Helpful and Missing Resources Identified by Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease and Their Caregivers: A Content Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8414-2163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan J.","family":"Rosenkranz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 S.W. U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4368-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shirin O.","family":"Hiatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 S.W. U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4136-2844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Leatherwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 S.W. U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 S.W. U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lissi","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 S.W. U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2026, January 16). National Center for Health Statistics. Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/fastats\/liver-disease.htm."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.2030","article-title":"The emotional burden of caregiving for patients with cirrhosis","volume":"6","author":"Saleh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol. 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