{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:02:51Z","timestamp":1785402171513,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005672","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005672","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05jtrt935","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016182","name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0366d2847","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nursing Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Urinary catheterization is common across care settings, but safe management at home and during care transitions often depends on caregivers who receive limited and inconsistent training. Mobile health (mHealth) applications may support caregiver education and decision-making. This review mapped and synthesized evidence on interactive mobile applications for caregiver training in urinary catheterization and developed a conceptual framework to inform nursing practice. Methods: A scoping review was conducted according to Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and reported following PRISMA-ScR. Searches were performed in PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS, with complementary grey literature searches. Studies evaluating interactive mobile applications for caregiver training in urinary catheterization were included. Data were extracted and synthesized descriptively and narratively. Results: Five studies published between 2020 and 2025 were included. Most were early-stage studies with small samples and heterogeneous designs. Interventions generally combined educational content with interactive features, such as decision-support tools, and less often behavioral strategies, including reminders and feedback. Outcomes mainly addressed knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy, while clinical outcomes, such as infection reduction, were rarely assessed. A conceptual framework was developed showing how intervention components may influence caregiver competence and care outcomes, moderated by contextual factors such as health literacy and digital access. Conclusions: Interactive mobile applications may represent a promising approach to support caregiver training and improve the safety of urinary catheter management. However, current evidence remains preliminary and limited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep16060194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T17:18:16Z","timestamp":1780679896000},"page":"194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interactive mHealth Applications for Caregiver Training in Urinary Catheterization: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8796-0926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hort\u00eancia","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Tr\u00eas Lagoas, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Tr\u00eas Lagoas 79070-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7472-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Layze Braz","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o (UFMA), Pinheiro 65200-000, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2746-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00edlia Duarte","family":"Valim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5913-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herica Emilia F\u00e9lix de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, State University of Maranh\u00e3o (UEMA), Coroat\u00e1 65415-000, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5632-0332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Reis Joaquim de","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Federal University of Piau\u00ed (UFPI), Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6119-6762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Luiz Silva","family":"Alvim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1709-2143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel de Macedo","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Tr\u00eas Lagoas, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Tr\u00eas Lagoas 79070-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5946-0197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aires Garcia dos Santos","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Tr\u00eas Lagoas, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Tr\u00eas Lagoas 79070-900, MS, Brazil"},{"name":"Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), REAL, NOVA University Lisbon, 1050-091 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9203-4691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Maria","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Tr\u00eas Lagoas, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Tr\u00eas Lagoas 79070-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4006-5514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Fronteira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), REAL, NOVA University Lisbon, 1050-091 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2710-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro Francisco Lopes de","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Tr\u00eas Lagoas, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Tr\u00eas Lagoas 79070-900, MS, Brazil"},{"name":"Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), REAL, NOVA University Lisbon, 1050-091 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210849","DOI":"10.47820\/recima21.v2i10.849","article-title":"Atua\u00e7\u00e3o do enfermeiro no controle dos microrganismos causadores das infec\u00e7\u00f5es do trato urin\u00e1rio relacionadas ao uso do 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