{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T10:17:37Z","timestamp":1783419457620,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nursing Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Parental stress during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission affects parental well-being, bonding, and neonatal outcomes. Reliable assessment requires instruments adapted to the linguistic and cultural context of each population. This study aimed to adapt the Parental Stressor Scale: NICU (PSS:NICU) for use in Spain and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: The adaptation comprised forward translation, back-translation, expert review, pilot testing with cognitive debriefing (n = 15), and psychometric evaluation. The adapted scale was administered to 160 parents (80 mothers, 80 fathers) of NICU-admitted neonates; 159 cases were retained for analysis. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach\u2019s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA; maximum likelihood, Promax rotation) with parallel analysis examined the factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the original four-factor model, and a second-order model with five first-order factors was subsequently evaluated. Results: Internal consistency was excellent (total \u03b1 = 0.968; subscales \u03b1 = 0.866\u20130.961). Parallel analysis supported a five-factor EFA solution over a four-factor solution. CFA of the original four-factor model yielded poor fit (CFI = 0.755, TLI = 0.737, RMSEA = 0.125). A second-order model with five first-order factors and one general stress factor improved fit (CFI = 0.819, RMSEA = 0.107), though indices remained below conventional thresholds. Standardised factor loadings were moderate to high (0.57\u20130.96). Conclusions: The Spanish PSS:NICU demonstrates excellent reliability and provides preliminary evidence supporting its use for research and clinical assessment. The original four-factor structure was not replicated; the data suggest a five-factor organisation with evidence of a higher-order stress construct. Structural validity requires confirmation in larger, independent samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep16070216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T09:19:13Z","timestamp":1783415953000},"page":"216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adaptation and Validation of the Parental Stressor Scale: NICU for Spanish Populations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Regina Matey","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Enfermer\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, 28003 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), Neonatos y Pedi\u00e1trica, Hospital Universitario HM Montepr\u00edncipe, 28660 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6436-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica Riaza","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Mixta de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales y Pedi\u00e1tricos, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Reina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Enfermer\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, 28003 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas Cl\u00ednicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, 28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1609926","article-title":"The effect of narrative writing on fathers\u2019 stress in neonatal intensive care settings","volume":"34","author":"Akbari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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