{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:45:02Z","timestamp":1791517502296,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP25K13794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25K13794"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nursing Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Nursing is characterised by demanding working conditions, including long working hours and staffing shortages. Although Decent Work (DW) has been proposed as a framework for improving labour conditions, existing measures do not adequately capture how these conditions are experienced in practice. This study aimed to develop and validate the Decent Work Scale for Hospital Nurses (DWS-N), conceptualising DW as the experiential realisation of structural labour conditions. Methods: A multi-phase methodological design was employed. In Phase 1, 184 items were generated through concept analysis and refined to 142 items via expert review. In Phase 2, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine structural validity and reliability. In Phase 3, cross-validation and criterion-related validity were assessed using an independent sample. Results: A five-factor structure comprising 22 items was identified: Meaningful and Fulfilling Work, Protection of Workers\u2019 Rights, Supportive and Safe Working Environment, Appropriate Working Time and Work\u2013Life Balance, and Adequate Compensation. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 = 0.896) and acceptable fit (CFI = 0.969, RMSEA = 0.037). Cross-validation supported model stability (CFI = 0.917, RMSEA = 0.070). DW was positively associated with work engagement and negatively associated with burnout. Different dimensions of DW showed distinct patterns of association with occupational outcomes. Conclusions: The DWS-N is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing Decent Work in nursing. By capturing the experiential realisation of structural labour conditions, the scale offers a context-specific approach to understanding nurses\u2019 working environments, with potential applications in workforce management and organisational policy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep16070237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:17:51Z","timestamp":1783606671000},"page":"237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and Validation of a Decent Work Scale for Hospital Nurses: An Experiential Perspective on Working Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5709-5897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasue","family":"Yamazumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Kyoritsu Women\u2019s University, Tokyo 101-0051, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1717","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e1717","article-title":"Patient Safety, Satisfaction, and Quality of Hospital Care: Cross Sectional Surveys of Nurses and Patients in 12 Countries in Europe and the United States","volume":"344","author":"Aiken","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.11.009","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 Reports of Working Conditions and Hospital Quality of Care in 12 Countries in Europe","volume":"50","author":"Aiken","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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