{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T13:02:30Z","timestamp":1782392550623,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute chagasic encephalitis is a clinically severe central nervous system (CNS) manifestation. However, the knowledge of the nervous form of Chagas disease is incomplete. The role of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) on mice behavior and brain lesions induced by Trypanosoma cruzi (Colombian strain) was herein investigated in mice treated with the mAChR agonist and antagonist (carbachol and atropine), respectively. Immunosuppressed or non-immunosuppressed mice were intracerebroventricularly (icv) or intraperitoneally (ip) infected. All groups were evaluated 15 d.p.i. (days post infection). Intraperitoneally infected animals had subpatent parasitemia. Patent parasitemia occurred only in icv infected mice. The blockade of mAChR increased the parasitemia, parasitism and lesions compared to its activation. Infected not treated (INT ip) mice did not present meningitis and encephalitis, regardless of immunosuppression. INT icv brains presented higher cellularity, discrete signs of cellular degeneration, frequent presence of parasites and focal meningitis. The immunosuppressed atropine + icv mice presented increased intracellular parasitism associated with degenerative parenchymal changes, while carbachol + icv mice presented discrete meningitis, preservation of the cortex and absence of relevant parasitism. Cholinergic receptor blockage increased impairment of coordination vs. receptor activation. Muscarinic cholinergic pathway seems to be involved in immune mediated cell invasion events while its blockade favored infection evolution, brain lesions, and behavioral alterations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T09:59:40Z","timestamp":1611568780000},"page":"121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Participation of Central Muscarinic Receptors on the Nervous Form of Chagas Disease in Mice Infected via Intracerebroventricular with Colombian Trypanosoma cruzi Strain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1288-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Maira Pereira","family":"de Assis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas (CBIOL), N\u00facleo de Pesquisas em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micheline Freire","family":"Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Produtos Naturais e Sint\u00e9ticos Bioativos (PGPNSB), Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba (UFPB), 58010-340 Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba (UFPB), 58010-340 Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7289-4651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus Marques","family":"Milagre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas (CiPHARMA), Escola de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2331-8009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha Ribeiro","family":"B\u00e9la","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas (CBIOL), N\u00facleo de Pesquisas em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayra Fernanda","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31660-060 Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6183-993X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luara Augusta","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Neuroci\u00eancia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31660-060 Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6185-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elena","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte: Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, 30150-240 Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabr\u00edcio de Araujo","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Neuroci\u00eancia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31660-060 Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1428-9717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Maria Esteves","family":"Arantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31660-060 Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1565-4707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"de Lana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas (CBIOL), N\u00facleo de Pesquisas em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas (CiPHARMA), Escola de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761909000200008","article-title":"Nova tripanozomiaze humana: Estudos sobre a morfolojia e o ciclo evolutivo do Schizotrypanum cruzi n. gen., n. sp., ajente etiolojico de nova entidade morbida do homem","volume":"2","author":"Chagas","year":"1909","journal-title":"Mem. 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