{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:47:19Z","timestamp":1791492439162,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the scientific community has focused on the development of new antibiotics to address the difficulties linked to biofilm-forming microorganisms and drug-resistant infections. In this respect, synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are particularly regarded for their therapeutic potential against a broad spectrum of pathogens. In this work, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the peptide WMR-K towards single and dual species cultures of Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated. We found minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for WMR-K of 10 \u00b5M for K. pneumoniae and of 200 \u00b5M for C. albicans. Furthermore, sub-MIC concentrations of peptide showed an in vitro inhibition of biofilm formation of mono and polymicrobial systems and also a good biofilm eradication even if higher concentrations of it are needed. In order to provide additional evidence for the effect of the examined peptide, a study of changes in extracellular metabolites excreted and\/or uptaken from the culture medium (metabolomic footprinting) in the poly-microbial association of C. albicans and K. pneumoniae in presence and absence of WMR-K was performed. Comparing to the untreated dual species biofilm culture, the metabolomic profile of the WMR-K treated culture appears significantly altered. The differentially expressed compounds are mainly related to the primary metabolic pathways, including amino acids, trehalose, pyruvic acid, glycerol and vitamin B6.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T08:09:09Z","timestamp":1613462949000},"page":"214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Impact of the Peptide WMR-K on Dual-Species Biofilm Candida albicans\/Klebsiella pneumoniae and on the Untargeted Metabolomic Profile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8116-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Galdiero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples \u2018Federico II\u2019, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8318-3065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Michela","family":"Salvatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples \u2018Federico II\u2019, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4981-8837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Maione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples \u2018Federico II\u2019, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0359-3297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Carraturo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples \u2018Federico II\u2019, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7849-7024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Galdiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples \u2018Federico II\u2019, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6538-8585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annarita","family":"Falanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples \u2018Federico II\u2019, Via dell\u2019 Universit\u00e0 100, 80055 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8949-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Andolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples \u2018Federico II\u2019, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"BAT Center\u2014Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples \u2018Federico II\u2019, 80055 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0212-1271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Salvatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples \u2018Federico II\u2019, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6805-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Guida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples \u2018Federico II\u2019, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00037-15","article-title":"Microbial surface colonization and biofilm development in marine environments","volume":"80","author":"Dang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Grumezescu, A., and Holban, A.M. (2018). Pathogenic biofilm formation in the food industry and alternative control strategies. Foodborne Diseases, Accademic Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.61.080706.093316","article-title":"Biofilm formation by plant-associated bacteria","volume":"61","author":"Danhorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2010.00665.x","article-title":"Prevention and control of biofilm-based medical-device-related infections","volume":"59","author":"Francolini","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2019.103253","article-title":"Epigenetic mechanisms of drug resistance in fungi","volume":"132","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006468","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic engines of diversity in pathogenic microbes","volume":"13","author":"Billmyre","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019kane, C.J., Weild, R., and Hyland, E.M. (2020). Chromatin structure and drug resistance in Candida spp.. J. Fungi, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6030121"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.08.009","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms","volume":"5","author":"Drenkard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors act synergistically with fluconazole against resistant Candida albicans","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romeo, T. (2008). Innate and induced resistence mechanisms of bacterial biofilms. Bacterial biofilms, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-75418-3"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2313","article-title":"Medically important bacterialg-fungal interactions","volume":"8","author":"Peleg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.09.027","article-title":"Polymicrobial antibiofilm activity of the membranotropic peptide gH625 and its analogue","volume":"125","author":"Lombardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0038","article-title":"Association between pathogens from tracheal aspirate and oral biofilm of patients on mechanical ventilation","volume":"31","author":"Souza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz. Oral Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4103\/0300-1652.99830","article-title":"Colonization of peripheral intravascular catheters with biofilm producing microbes: Evaluation of risk factors","volume":"53","author":"Singhai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Niger. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091014-104330","article-title":"Candida albicans biofilms and human disease","volume":"69","author":"Nobile","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62746-w","article-title":"Eradication of Candida albicans persister cell biofilm by the membranotropic peptide gH625","volume":"10","author":"Galdiero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins, N., and Rodrigues, C.F. (2020). Biomaterial-related Infections. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030722"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01159","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis reveals AI-2 relevant genes of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in response to eugenol at sub-MIC","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2020.10.007","article-title":"Inhibition of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: Nanoparticles induced photoinactivation in presence of efflux pump inhibitor","volume":"157","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.201900511","article-title":"Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiquorum sensing activities of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles fabricated from Mespilus germanica extract against multidrug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains","volume":"60","author":"Foroohimanjili","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Basic Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sousa, F., Ferreira, D., Reis, S., and Costa, P. (2020). Current insights on antifungal therapy: Novel nanotechnology approaches for drug delivery systems and new drugs from natural sources. Pharmaceuticals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13090248"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2020.100019","article-title":"Weak acids as an alternative anti-microbial therapy","volume":"2","author":"Kundukad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biofilm"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falanga, A., Lombardi, L., Franci, G., Vitiello, M., Iovene, M.R., Morelli, G., Galdiero, M., and Galdiero, S. (2016). Marine antimicrobial peptides: Nature provides templates for the design of novel compounds against pathogenic bacteria. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17050785"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-017-6452-1","article-title":"The therapeutic applications of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): A patent review","volume":"55","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5665","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01341-13","article-title":"Structure-activity relations of myxinidin, an antibacterial peptide derived from the epidermal mucus of hagfish","volume":"57","author":"Cantisani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5280","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02395-14","article-title":"Structural insights into and activity analysis of the antimicrobial peptide myxinidin","volume":"58","author":"Cantisani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44425","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44425","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides at work: Interaction of myxinidin and its mutant WMR with lipid bilayers mimicking the P. aeruginosa and E. coli membranes","volume":"7","author":"Lombardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.8b01740","article-title":"Enhancing the potency of antimicrobial peptides through molecular engineering and self-assembly","volume":"20","author":"Lombardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvatore, M.M., Alves, A., and Andolfi, A. (2020). Secondary metabolites of Lasiodiplodia theobromae: Distribution, chemical diversity, bioactivity, and implications of their occurrence. Toxins, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12070457"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barzkar, N., Jahromi, S.T., Poorsaheli, H.B., and Vianello, F. (2019). Metabolites from marine microorganisms, micro, and macroalgae: Immense scope for pharmacology. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17080464"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-016-0586-4","article-title":"Microbial metabolites in nutrition, healthcare and agriculture","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.2019.1600342","article-title":"Secondary metabolites produced by grapevine strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae grown at two different temperatures","volume":"111","author":"Salvatore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7915.2007.00015.x","article-title":"Metabolic regulation and overproduction of primary metabolites","volume":"1","author":"Sanchez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1039\/c1mb05196b","article-title":"Untargeted metabolic footprinting reveals a surprising breadth of metabolite uptake and release by Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002","volume":"7","author":"Baran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biosyst."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chumnanpuen, P., Hansen, M.A.E., Smedsgaard, J., and Nielsen, J. (2014). Dynamic metabolic footprinting reveals the key components of metabolic network in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int. J. Genomics, 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/894296"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-018-1391-3","article-title":"Metabolic footprint analysis of metabolites that discriminate single and mixed yeast cultures at two key time-points during mixed culture alcoholic fermentations","volume":"14","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2016.09.029","article-title":"Sample preparation procedures utilized in microbial metabolomics: An overview","volume":"1043","author":"Patejko","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(00)00122-6","article-title":"A modified microtiter-plate test for quantification of staphylococcal biofilm formation","volume":"40","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"(2020, December 01). AMDIS NET. Available online: www.amdis.net."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0614846","article-title":"Systematic identification of conserved metabolites in GC\/MS data for metabolomics and biomarker discovery","volume":"79","author":"Styczynski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2018.08.003","article-title":"GC\u2013MS approaches for the screening of metabolites produced by marine-derived Aspergillus","volume":"206","author":"Salvatore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05015-11","article-title":"Bed bugs: Clinical relevance and control options","volume":"25","author":"Doggett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2019.126346","article-title":"Altered metabolomic profile of dual-species biofilm: Interactions between Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans","volume":"230","author":"Kart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1086\/599838","article-title":"Time course global gene expression analysis of an in vivo Candida biofilm","volume":"200","author":"Nett","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1021\/pr300447k","article-title":"Time course analysis of Candida albicans metabolites during biofilm development","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"3","article-title":"Oxidative stress in bacteria and protein damage by reactive oxygen species","volume":"3","author":"Cabiscol","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-8-2599","article-title":"Protective role of trehalose during severe oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide and the adaptive oxidative stress response in Candida albicans","volume":"148","author":"Zaragoza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00011-X","article-title":"Trehalose: A review of properties, history of use and human tolerance, and results of multiple safety studies","volume":"40","author":"Richards","year":"2002","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.10.118","article-title":"Specific stress-induced storage of trehalose, glycerol and d-arabitol in response to oxidative and osmotic stress in Candida albicans","volume":"430","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14010329","article-title":"Vitamin B6: A long known compound of surprising complexity","volume":"14","author":"Mooney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling for the identification of potential biomarkers involved in a laboratory azole resistance in Candida albicans","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1021\/pr4002178","article-title":"Effect of amphotericin B on the metabolic profiles of Candida albicans","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113002","article-title":"Microbial metabolomics and network analysis reveal fungistatic effect of basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil on Candida albicans","volume":"260","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvatore, M.M., F\u00e9lix, C., Lima, F., Ferreira, V., Duarte, A.S., Salvatore, F., Alves, A., Esteves, A.C., and Andolfi, A. (2020). Effect of \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the metabolome of two strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae isolated from grapevine. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25173833"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02878-14","article-title":"Cyclo(Phe-Pro) produced by the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus inhibits host innate immune responses through the NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"83","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Wayne, P.A. (2017). Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S164262","article-title":"Efficiency of gold nanoparticles coated with the antimicrobial peptide indolicidin against biofilm formation and development of Candida spp. clinical isolates","volume":"11","author":"Galdiero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4161\/21505594.2014.981486","article-title":"Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 inhibits biofilm formation by C. Albicans and attenuates the experimental candidiasis in Galleria mellonella","volume":"6","author":"Vilela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guida, M., Salvatore, M.M., and Salvatore, F. (2015). A strategy for GC\/MS quantification of polar compounds via their silylated surrogates: Silylation and quantification of biological amino acids. J. Anal. Bioanal. Tech., 6.","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9872.1000263"},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"(2020, December 01). MATLAB. Available online: https:\/\/www.mathworks.com."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"(2020, December 09). NIST 14, Available online: https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/srd\/nist-standard-reference-database-1a."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"(2020, December 09). Golm Metabolome Database. Available online: http:\/\/gmd.mpimp-golm.mpg.de\/."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-010-0198-7","article-title":"Decision tree supported substructure prediction of metabolites from GC-MS profiles","volume":"6","author":"Hummel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Metabolomics"}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/10\/2\/214\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:24:43Z","timestamp":1760160283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/10\/2\/214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens10020214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens10020214","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]}}}