{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:01:56Z","timestamp":1787029316862,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/06610-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/06610-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/25406-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/25406-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["140088\/2016-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["140088\/2016-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli is the major bacterial etiological agent of severe diarrhea and a major concern of public health. These pathogens have acquired genetic characteristics from other pathotypes, leading to unusual and singular genetic combinations, known as hybrid strains and may be more virulent due to a set of virulence factors from more than one pathotype. One of the possible combinations is with extraintestinal E. coli (ExPEC), a leading cause of urinary tract infection, often lethal after entering the bloodstream and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC), responsible for death of thousands of people every year, mainly children under five years old. Here we report the draft genome of a strain originally classified as aEPEC (BA1250) isolated from feces of a child with acute diarrhea. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that BA1250 genome content is genetically closer to E. coli strains that cause extraintestinal infections, other than intestinal infections. A deeper analysis showed that in fact this is a hybrid strain, due to the presence of a set of genes typically characteristic of ExPEC. These genomic findings expand our knowledge about aEPEC heterogeneity allowing further studies concerning E. coli pathogenicity and may be a source for future comparative studies, virulence characteristics, and evolutionary biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10040475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T15:30:39Z","timestamp":1618414239000},"page":"475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Hybrid Atypical Enteropathogenic and Extraintestinal Escherichia coli (aEPEC\/ExPEC) BA1250 Strain: A Draft Genome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Danielle D.","family":"Munhoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda F.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais","family":"Mitsunari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7808-7818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo A.","family":"Sch\u00fcroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3470-5706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waldir P.","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eneas","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0068-8506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxane M. F.","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2021, February 10). Diarrhoeal Disease. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/diarrhoeal-disease."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"516","article-title":"Treatment of severe malnutrition","volume":"32","author":"Ashworth","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lanata, C.F., Fischer-Walker, C.L., Olascoaga, A.C., Torres, C.X., Aryee, M.J., and Black, R.E. (2013). Global causes of diarrheal disease mortality in children <5 years of age: A systematic review. 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