{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T19:35:42Z","timestamp":1774380942858,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coxiella burnetii is an intracellular bacterium and the cause of the zoonotic infection, Q fever. National surveillance data on C. burnetii seroprevalence is currently not available for any South American country, making efforts of public health to implement strategies to mitigate infections in different at-risk groups within the population extremely challenging. In the current study, we used two commercial anti-C. burnetii immunoassays to screen sera collected from a sample of the Chilean population as part of a 2016\u20132017 national health survey (n = 5166), nationwide and age-standardized. The seroprevalence for C. burnetii for persons \u2265 15 years was estimated to be 3.0% (95% CI 2.2\u20134.0), a level similar to national surveys from The Netherlands (2.4%) and USA (3.1%), but lower than Australia (5.6%). A linear increase of C. burnetii seropositivity was associated with an individual\u2019s age, with the peak seroprevalence 5.6% (95% CI 3.6\u20138.6) observed in the \u226565 years\u2019 group. C. burnetii seropositivity was significantly higher in the southern macro-zone 6.0% (95% CI 3.3\u201310.6) compared to metropolitan region 1.8% (95% CI 0.9\u20133.3), the former region being home to significant livestock industries, particularly dairy farming. These data will be useful to inform targeted strategies for the prevention of Q fever in at-risk populations in Chile.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10050531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T22:29:07Z","timestamp":1619648947000},"page":"531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["National Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Chile, 2016\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Tapia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology, Sub-department of Infectious Diseases, Department Biomedical Laboratory, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago 7780050, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Fernanda","family":"Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda, DIPLAS, Ministerio de Salud de Chile, Santiago 8320123, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Stenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, Geelong University Hospital, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology, Sub-department of Infectious Diseases, Department Biomedical Laboratory, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago 7780050, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda, DIPLAS, Ministerio de Salud de Chile, Santiago 8320123, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda, DIPLAS, Ministerio de Salud de Chile, Santiago 8320123, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Sotomayor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda, DIPLAS, Ministerio de Salud de Chile, Santiago 8320123, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Gallegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda, DIPLAS, Ministerio de Salud de Chile, Santiago 8320123, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9157-8470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo J","family":"Soares Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia"},{"name":"Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6341-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda, DIPLAS, Ministerio de Salud de Chile, Santiago 8320123, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Araya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology, Sub-department of Infectious Diseases, Department Biomedical Laboratory, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago 7780050, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen R","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, Geelong University Hospital, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Hormazabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology, Sub-department of Infectious Diseases, Department Biomedical Laboratory, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago 7780050, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.518","article-title":"Q fever","volume":"12","author":"Maurin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. 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