{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:59:25Z","timestamp":1760234365062,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"university of zaragoza","award":["UZ2017-BIO-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UZ2017-BIO-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human prion diseases are a group of rare fatal neurodegenerative diseases with sporadic, genetic, and acquired forms. They are neuropathologically characterized by pathological prion protein accumulation, neuronal death, and vacuolation. Classical immunological response has long been known not to play a major in prion diseases; however, gliosis is known to be a common feature although variable in extent and poorly described. In this investigation, astrogliosis and activated microglia in two brain regions were assessed and compared with non-neurologically affected patients in a representative sample across the spectrum of Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease (CJD) forms and subtypes in order to analyze the influence of prion strain on pathological processes. In this report, we choose to focus on features common to all CJD types rather than the diversity among them. Novel pathological changes in both glial cell types were found to be shared by all CJD types. Microglial activation correlated to astrogliosis. Spongiosis, but not pathological prion protein deposition, correlated to both astrogliosis and microgliosis. At the ultrastructural level, astrocytic glial filaments correlated with pathological changes associated with prion disease. These observations confirm that neuroglia play a prominent role in the neurodegenerative process of prion diseases, regardless of the causative prion type.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10050596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T03:28:36Z","timestamp":1620962916000},"page":"596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Novel Morphological Glial Alterations in the Spectrum of Prion Disease Types: A Focus on Common Findings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mois\u00e9s","family":"Garc\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Encephalopathies and Transmissible Emerging Diseases, Institute for Health Research Arag\u00f3n (IIS), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel M.","family":"Guijarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Encephalopathies and Transmissible Emerging Diseases, Institute for Health Research Arag\u00f3n (IIS), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane L.","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National CJD Research &amp; Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan J.","family":"Badiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Encephalopathies and Transmissible Emerging Diseases, Institute for Health Research Arag\u00f3n (IIS), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2787-9671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Monz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Encephalopathies and Transmissible Emerging Diseases, Institute for Health Research Arag\u00f3n (IIS), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6801762","article-title":"Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie","volume":"216","author":"Prusiner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.2.375","article-title":"Scrapie-associated prion protein accumulates in astrocytes during scrapie infection","volume":"88","author":"Diedrich","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. 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