{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T06:37:45Z","timestamp":1772951865197,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The assessment of antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is potentially confounded by exposures to flaviviruses. The aims of the present research were to determine whether anti-dengue antibodies affect the viral load and the detection of anti-coronavirus nucleocapsid (N)-protein antibodies in coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bangladesh. Methods: Viral RNA was evaluated in swab specimens from 115 COVID-19 patients by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rT-PCR). The anti-N-protein antibodies, anti-dengue virus E-protein antibodies and the dengue non-structural protein-1 were determined in serum from 115 COVID-19 patients, 30 acute dengue fever pre-COVID-19 pandemic and nine normal controls by ELISA. Results: The concentrations of viral RNA in the nasopharyngeal; Ct median (95% CI); 22 (21.9\u201323.3) was significantly higher than viral RNA concentrations in oropharyngeal swabs; and 29 (27\u201330.5) p &lt; 0.0001. Viral RNA concentrations were not correlated with-dengue IgG levels. The anti-nucleocapsid antibodies were IgA 27% positive and IgG 35% positive at days 1 to 8 post-onset of COVID-19 symptoms versus IgA 0% and IgG 0% in dengue patients, p &lt; 0.0001. The levels of anti- nucleocapsid IgA or IgG versus the levels of anti-dengue IgM or IgG revealed no significant correlations. Conclusions: Viral RNA and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies were detected in COVID-19 patients from dengue-endemic regions of Bangladesh, independently of the dengue IgG levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:01:20Z","timestamp":1621814480000},"page":"637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Detection of Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibody in COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh Is not Correlated with Previous Dengue Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5617-4139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon D.","family":"Lytton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SeraDiaLogistics, 81545 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmuda","family":"Yeasmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Sher E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5735-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asish Kumar","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6655-3087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Rakibul Hassan","family":"Bulbul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5062-9144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Maruf Ahmed","family":"Molla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Sher E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Herr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NovaTec Immundiagnostica GmbH, 63128 Dietzenbach, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Duchmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NovaTec Immundiagnostica GmbH, 63128 Dietzenbach, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. Mohiuddin","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tasnim","family":"Nafisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Sher E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5500-5103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Robed","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nur","family":"Hosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Sher E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5432-480X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Tanvir","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5096-966X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumaiya","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Medical College and Hospital, 14\/A Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alimul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abul Khair Mohammad","family":"Shamsuzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Sher E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic","volume":"91","author":"Cucinotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2021, May 21). 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